Dynamics of Zeroes Under Repeated Differentiation

DOI10.1080/10586458.2021.1980752MaRDI QIDQ6062275zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Jeremy G. Hoskins, Zakhar Kabluchko

Publication date 30 November 2023

Published in Experimental Mathematics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/2010.14320

zbMATH Keywords

Cauchy-Stieltjes transformcritical pointsfree binomial distributionfree probabilityLegendre-Fenchel transformlogarithmic potentialsPDE'srandom polynomialsrepeated differentiationzeroes

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Zeros of polynomials, rational functions, and other analytic functions of one complex variable (e.g., zeros of functions with bounded Dirichlet integral) (30C15) Two-dimensional potential theory (31A99) Other special methods applied to PDEs (35A25) PDEs in connection with mechanics of particles and systems of particles (35Q70) Special integral transforms (Legendre, Hilbert, etc.) (44A15) Free probability and free operator algebras (46L54) Convergence of probability measures (60B10) Random matrices (probabilistic aspects) (60B20) Large deviations (60F10) Transport processes in time-dependent statistical mechanics (82C70)

Abstract: Consider a random polynomial $P_n$ of degree $n$ whose roots are independent random variables sampled according to some probability distribution $m{u}_0$ on the complex plane $mathbbC$. It is natural to conjecture that, for a fixed $tin[0,1)$ and as $noinfty$, the zeroes of the $[tn]$-th derivative of $P_n$ are distributed according to some measure $m{u}_t$ on $mathbbC$. Assuming either that $m{u}_0$ is concentrated on the real line or that it is rotationally invariant, Steinerberger [Proc. AMS, 2019] and O'Rourke and Steinerberger [arXiv:1910.12161] derived nonlocal transport equations for the density of roots. We introduce a different method to treat such problems. In the rotationally invariant case, we obtain a closed formula for $psi(x,t)$, the asymptotic density of the radial parts of the roots of the $[tn]$-th derivative of $P_n$. Although its derivation is non-rigorous, we provide numerical evidence for its correctness and prove that it solves the PDE of O'Rourke and Steinerberger. Moreover, we present several examples in which the solution is fully explicit (including the special case in which the initial condition $psi(x,0)$ is an arbitrary convex combination of delta functions) and analyze some properties of the solutions such as the behavior of void annuli and circles of zeroes. As an additional support for the correctness of the method, we show that a similar method, applied to the case when $m{u}_0$ is concentrated on the real line, gives a correct result which is known to have an interpretation in terms of free probability.

Recommendations

• A nonlocal transport equation modeling complex roots of polynomials under differentiation
• A nonlocal transport equation describing roots of polynomials under differentiation
• Critical points of random polynomials with independent identically distributed roots
• Real roots of random polynomials with coefficients of polynomial growth: a comparison principle and applications
• On roots of random polynomials
• Zeros of derivatives of Gaussian random polynomials on plane domains
• A semicircle law for derivatives of random polynomials
• On the local pairing behavior of critical points and roots of random polynomials
• Roots of random polynomials whose coefficients have logarithmic tails
• The distribution of zeros of the derivative of a random polynomial

Cites work

• A nonlocal transport equation describing roots of polynomials under differentiation
• A nonlocal transport equation modeling complex roots of polynomials under differentiation
• A remark on the arcsine distribution and the Hilbert transform
• A stability version of the Gauss-Lucas theorem and applications
• Asymptotic Behaviour of the Coefficients of Some Sequences of Polynomials
• Asymptotic distribution of complex zeros of random analytic functions
• Asymptotics for orthogonal polynomials
• Correlations and pairing between zeros and critical points of Gaussian random polynomials
• Critical Points of Random Polynomials and Characteristic Polynomials of Random Matrices
• Critical points of random polynomials with independent identically distributed roots
• Crystallization of random matrix orbits
• Distances between zeroes and critical points for random polynomials with i.i.d. zeroes
• Dual Lukacs regressions for non-commutative variables
• Free Random Variables
• scientific article; zbMATH DE number 1465044 (Why is no real title available?)
• scientific article; zbMATH DE number 3398061 (Why is no real title available?)
• Inequalities for the Zeros of Legendre Polynomials and Related Functions
• Lectures on the Combinatorics of Free Probability
• Limiting empirical distribution of zeros and critical points of random polynomials agree in general
• On the distribution of critical points of a polynomial
• On the local pairing behavior of critical points and roots of random polynomials
• On the Regular Behaviour of Orthogonal Polynomials
• Pairing between zeros and critical points of random polynomials with independent roots
• Pairing of zeros and critical points for random meromorphic functions on Riemann surfaces
• Pairing of zeros and critical points for random polynomials
• The distribution of zeros of the derivative of a random polynomial
• The infinite divisibility and orthogonal polynomials with a constant recursion formula in free probability theory
• The limit behavior of elementary symmetric polynomials of i. i. d. random variables when their order tends to infinity
• Zeros of Gaussian analytic functions and determinantal point processes
• Zeros of repeated derivatives of random polynomials

Cited in

(7)

• Influence of zero locations on the number of step-response extrema
• Repeated differentiation and free unitary Poisson process
• Dynamics of roots of randomized derivative polynomials
• The heat flow conjecture for polynomials and random matrices
• Lee-Yang zeroes of the Curie-Weiss ferromagnet, unitary Hermite polynomials, and the backward heat flow
• Roots of polynomials under repeated differentiation and repeated applications of fractional differential operators
• Zeros of polynomial powers under the heat flow

This page was built for publication: Dynamics of Zeroes Under Repeated Differentiation

Report a bug (only for logged in users!)Click here to report a bug for this page (MaRDI item Q6062275)