Banach property (T) for SL_n (Z) and its applications

DOI10.1007/S00222-023-01211-7MaRDI QIDQ6095147zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Publication date 11 October 2023

Published in Inventiones Mathematicae (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/2207.04407

Banach property (T)fixed point property simple Lie group super-expander super-reflexive Banach space

Geometric group theory (20F65) Other representations of locally compact groups (22D12) Kazhdan's property (T), the Haagerup property, and generalizations (22D55) Discrete subgroups of Lie groups (22E40) Embeddings of discrete metric spaces into Banach spaces; applications in topology and computer science (46B85)

Abstract: We prove that a large family of higher rank simple Lie groups (including

m S L_{n} (m a t h b b R)

for

n g e q 3

) and their lattices have Banach property (T) with respect to all super-reflexive Banach spaces. Two consequences of this result are: First, we deduce Banach fixed point properties with respect to all super-reflexive Banach spaces for a large family of higher rank simple Lie groups. For example, we show that for every

n g e q 4

, the group

m S L_{n} (m a t h b b R)

and all its lattices have the Banach fixed point property with respect to all super-reflexive Banach spaces. Second, we settle a long standing open problem and show that the Margulis expanders (Cayley graphs of

m S L_{n} (m a t h b b Z / m m a t h b b Z)

for a fixed

n g e q 3

and

m

tending to infinity) are super-expanders. All of our results stem from proving Banach property (T) for

m S L_{3} (m a t h b b Z)

. Our method of proof for

m S L_{3} (m a t h b b Z)

relies on a novel proof for relative Banach property (T) for the uni-triangular subgroup of

m S L_{3} (m a t h b b Z)

. This proof of relative property (T) is new even in the classical Hilbert setting and is interesting in its own right.

Review text

Property (T) for groups, introduced in 1967 by Kazhdan, has been found to have important connections with several diverse areas of mathematics (e.g. representation theory, operator algebras, ergodic theory, algebraic groups). Relevant to the paper under review, we may mention an explicit construction of expanders by Margulis and a fixed point result for affine isomeric actions on real Hilbert spaces. The present paper is an important contribution to the study of a Banach version of property (T), studied by Bader et al. and Vincent Lafforgue. Lafforgue showed that \(SL_3(F)\) has a strong form of Banach property (T) with respect to all super-reflexive Banach spaces (as conjectured by Bader et al.) for any non-archimedian local field \(F\) and used it to construct graphs that are expanders with respect to every super-reflexive Banach space (`super-expanders'). For real algebraic groups, much less is known about Banach property (T). Bader et al. proved this property for \(L^p\)-spaces for higher rank groups. Only partial results are known for general super-reflexive Banach spaces. In the paper under review, the author obtains a breakthrough result: \textit{Banach property (T) holds for a large class of connected simple real Lie groups with respect to all super-reflexive Banach spaces.} The method of proof is interesting and is worth indicating. Banach property (T) for \(SL_3(\mathbb Z)\) for all super-reflexive spaces is deduced, by a bounded generation argument, from a relative version of Banach property (T) for the uni-triangular matrices in \(SL_3(\mathbb Z)\), which itself is proved by a novel method. Banach property (T) for any simple Lie group whose Lie algebra contains \(\mathfrak{sl}_3(\mathbb R)\) is then deduced invoking Howe-Moore theorem. The main result of the paper have some impressive consequences too. One of them is that the Margulis expanders are super-expanders; this settles a long-standing open problem. Using known constructions of super-expanders using warped cones arising from actions of groups with Banach property (T) on a compact Riemannian manifold, this yields constructions of super-expanders from certain \(SL_n(\mathbb Z)\) (\(n\geq 3\)) actions on such manifolds. Here is another striking consequence: a family of connected simple Lie groups (including \(SL_n(\mathbb R), n>3)\) and their lattices have the fixed point property with respect to all super-reflexive Banach spaces. Finally, it is proved that, for \(n\geq 5\), the groups \(SL_n(\mathbb R)\) and \(SL_n(\mathbb Z)\) have a strong fixed point property (introduced by Mimura) with respect to all super-reflexive Banach spaces.

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