The algebraic equation xu= x^3 v in the symmetric case
The algebraic equation \(xu=\lambda x^3 v\) in the symmetric case
The authors start their Introduction with the statement: Let \(v\) be a regular form (linear functional), \(R\) and \(D\) are nonzero polynomials. Find all regular forms \(u\) satisfying the algebraic equation \(R=Dv\). And that is exactly what they are doing. \par In section ``Preliminaries and fundamental results the following problem is treated: given a regular symmetric form \(v\), find all regular symmetric forms \(u\) satisfying \[ xu=\lambda x^3v,\ \lambda\in\mathbb{C}\setminus\{0\},\ \qquad\qquad\qquad\qquad (*)\] with the constraints \((u)_0=(v)_0=1\) (here: \((w)_n:=\langle w,x^n\rangle, n\geq 0\) for any element \(w\in\mathcal{P}'\), with \(\mathcal{P}'\) the dual of \(\mathcal{P}\), the vector space of polynomials with complex coefficients). \par The main results are: \par Proposition 2.6: If the form \(v\) possesses the integral representation \[\langle v,f\rangle =\int_{-\infty}^{\infty}\,V(x)f(x)dx,\ f\in \mathcal{P},\] where \(V\) is a locally integrable function with rapid decay, then the form \(u\) from \((*)\) has the representation \[ \langle u,f\rangle = (1-\lambda(v)_2)f(0)+\lambda \int_{-\infty}^{\infty}\,x^2V(x)f(x)dx,\ f\in \mathcal{P}. \] \par Proposition 2.8: The form \(u\) from \((*)\) is regular if and only if \(\Delta_{1,n}\Delta_{2,n}\not= 0,\ n\geq 0\). Moreover \[\gamma_1=\lambda \rho_1(\rho_1+\rho_2), \] \[\gamma_{2n+3}=\rho_1(\rho_1+\rho_2)\frac{\Delta_{1,0}}{\Delta_{1,1}}\frac{\Delta_{1,n+2}}{\Delta_{1,n+1}}\frac{\Delta_{2,n}}{\Delta_{2,n+1}} \rho_{2n+2},\ n\geq 0,\] \[\gamma_{2n+2}=\frac{1}{\rho_1(\rho_1+\rho_2)}\frac{\Delta_{1,1}}{\Delta_{1,0}}\frac{\Delta_{1,n}}{\Delta_{1,n+1}}\frac{\Delta_{2,n+1}}{\Delta_{2,n}} \rho_{2n+1},\ n\geq 0.\] (The \(\Delta\)'s are defined in the paper).
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