o-minimality and the André-Oort conjecture for C^n

DOI10.4007/ANNALS.2011.173.3.11MaRDI QIDQ640777zbMATH OpenOpenAlexWikidataFDO

Publication date 20 October 2011

Published in Annals of Mathematics. Second Series (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://doi.org/10.4007/annals.2011.173.3.11

abelian varieties André--Oort conjecture definable set Manin--Mumford conjecture modular curves rational point special points special subvarieties

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Model theory of ordered structures; o-minimality (03C64) Counting solutions of Diophantine equations (11D45) Arithmetic aspects of modular and Shimura varieties (11G18) Results involving abelian varieties (11J95) Model theory (number-theoretic aspects) (11U09) Rational points (14G05) Arithmetic ground fields for abelian varieties (14K15)

Review text

This paper provides new unconditional results related to conjectures by André, Oort, Manin, Mumford, Mordell, Lang and Bogomolov by using the theory of \(o\)-minimal structures from Model Theory. Let \(n\), \(m\), \(\ell\) be nonnegative integers, \(\Gamma_1,\dots,\Gamma_n\) be congruence subgroups of \(\text{SL}_2(\mathbb Z)\), \(Y_i=\Gamma_i\backslash \mathbb H\) (\(i=1,\dots,n\)) the corresponding modular curves, \(E_1,\dots,E_m\) elliptic curves defined over the field \({\overline{\mathbb Q}}\) of algebraic numbers, \(\text{G}\) the multiplicative group \(\text{G}_m(\mathbb C)\), \(X\) the product \(Y_1 \times \cdots \times Y_n\times E_1 \times\cdots \times E_m \times \text{G}^\ell\) and \(V\) a subvariety of \(X\). One of the main results of this paper is that \(V\) contains only a finite number of maximal special subvarieties. An equivalent statement is the following: if \(\Sigma\) is a set of special points of \(X\) with Zariski closure \(V_\Sigma\), then the irreducible components of \(V_\Sigma\) are special subvarieties. For the special case \(n=\ell=0\) with \(X=Y_1 \times \cdots \times Y_n\), this solves the André--Oort conjecture for the product of modular curves (the general case of this conjecture deals with Shimura varieties). For \(n=0\) and \(X=E_1 \times\cdots \times E_m\times \text{G}^\ell\), the result is a special case of a result of M.~Hindry which includes the case \(n=\ell=0\), \(X=E_1 \times\cdots \times E_m\) (result of M.~Raynaud on the Manin--Mumford conjecture) and \(m=n=0\), \(X=\text{G}^\ell\) (result of M.~Laurent on a conjecture of Lang on the intersection of a subvariety of a semi-algebraic variety with the set of division points of a finitely generated group of rational points). The strategy of the present paper was proposed by U.~Zannier; it has its source in an unpublished manuscript by \textit{P.~Sarnak} [``Torsion points on varieties and homology of abelian covers, unpublished manuscript (1998)]. See also \textit{P.~Sarnak } and \textit{S.~Adams} [Isr. J. Math. 88, No. 1--3, 31--72 (1994; Zbl 0843.11027)]. Sarnak's work led to the paper by \textit{E. Bombieri} and \textit{J. Pila} [Duke Math. J. 59, 337--357 (1989; Zbl 0718.11048)], which was then developed by the author and \textit{A.~J.~Wilkie} [Duke Math. J. 133, 591--616 (2006; Zbl 1217.11066)]. Three recent papers follow this strategy and involve proofs along similar lines. In a joint paper with \textit{U.~Zannier} [Atti Accad. Naz. Lincei, Cl. Sci. Fis. Mat. Nat., IX. Ser., Rend. Lincei, Mat. Appl. 19, No. 2, 149--162 (2008; Zbl 1164.11029)], the author gave a new proof of a Manin--Mumford Conjecture. \textit{D. Masser} and \textit{U. Zannier} [Am. J. Math. 132, No. 6, 1677--1691 (2010; Zbl 1225.11078)] gave a proof of a special but new case of Pink's relative Manin--Mumford Conjecture. And the author [Int. Math. Res. Not. 2009, No. 13, 2476--2507 (2009; Zbl 1243.14021)] gave new proofs of certain known results of André--Oort--Manin--Mumford type, including the cases (\(n=2\), \(m=\ell=0\)) and (\(n=m=1\), \(\ell=0\)).

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