Existence of positive periodic solutions for Liénard equation with a singularity of repulsive type
Singular nonlinear boundary value problems for ordinary differential equations (34B16) Positive solutions to nonlinear boundary value problems for ordinary differential equations (34B18) Special ordinary differential equations (Mathieu, Hill, Bessel, etc.) (34B30) Periodic solutions to ordinary differential equations (34C25) Nonautonomous smooth dynamical systems (37C60) Degree theory for nonlinear operators (47H11)
The author studies the Liénard equation with a singularity of repulsive type \N\[\Nx+f(x)x'+\varphi(t)x^\mu-\frac{1}{x^\gamma}=e(t),\tag{\(\ast\)}\N\]\Nwhere \(f:(0,\infty)\to{\mathbb R}\) is continuous (with a possible singularity at \(0\)), the functions \(\varphi,e\) are allowed to change sign and \(\mu,\gamma\geq 0\) denote reals. Based on a sequence of lemmas, a continuation theorem using Mawhin's coincidence degree and under the assumptions \N\[\N\int_0^T\varphi(s)\,ds>0,\quad \int_0^Te(s)\,ds=0,\N\] \Nsufficient conditions are provided, such that the ordinary differential equation \((\ast)\) has at least one positive \(T\)-periodic solution for each \(\mu\geq 0\). Two concrete examples illustrate these criteria.
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