Lower bounds for the Hilbert number of polynomial systems
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Publication:665987
Topological structure of integral curves, singular points, limit cycles of ordinary differential equations (34C05) Theory of limit cycles of polynomial and analytic vector fields (existence, uniqueness, bounds, Hilbert's 16th problem and ramifications) for ordinary differential equations (34C07) Bifurcation theory for ordinary differential equations (34C23)
Consider the planar polynomial systems \[ {dx\over dt}= P_n(x,y),\qquad{dy\over dt}= Q_n(x,y)\tag{E\(_n\)} \] and \[ {dx\over dt}= H_y(x,y)+\varepsilon P_n(x,y),\qquad {dy\over dt}=- H_x(x,y)+ \varepsilon Q_n(x,y),\tag{E\(^*_n\)} \] where \(P_n\) and \(Q_n\) are polynomials in \(x\) and \(y\) of degree \(n\), \(H\) is a polynomial in \(x\) and \(y\) of degree \(m\) with \(m\leq n+1\), \(\varepsilon\) is a small parameter. Let \(H(n)\) and \(H^*(n)\) denote the maximal number of limit cycles of system \((\text{E}_n)\) and \((\text{E}^*_n)\), respectively. The authors give a survey on improved lower bounds for \(H(n)\) and \(H^*(n)\). In particular, they prove \[ \begin{aligned} H(m)\geq m^2\quad &\text{for }m\geq 3,\;m\neq 6,\;m\neq 14,\\ H^*(m)\geq m^2\quad &\text{for }m\geq 23,\\ H^*(2k+1)\geq (2k+1)^2\quad &\text{for }k\geq 1,\end{aligned} \] \(H(m)\) grows at least as \({1\over 2\ln 2}(m+ 2)^2\ln(m+ 2)\).
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