An introduction to I -characterized subgroups of the circle
Distribution modulo one (11J71) Topological methods for abelian groups (20K45) Research exposition (monographs, survey articles) pertaining to topological groups (22-02) Analysis on general topological groups (22A10) Character groups and dual objects (43A40) Research exposition (monographs, survey articles) pertaining to general topology (54-02) Convergence in general topology (sequences, filters, limits, convergence spaces, nets, etc.) (54A20) Topological groups (topological aspects) (54H11)
The authors of this thorough and well organized survey on characterized subgroups of the circle group are key contributors to the topic, and actually three of them published a similar survey some years ago. The last years have seen an intense activity on this field, with some relevant generalizations of the original definition, which makes this paper a welcome addition to the existing literature on characterized subgroups.\N\NRecall that a subgroup \(H\) of the circle group \(\mathbb{T}\) is said to be characterized when there is a sequence \((u_n)\) in \(\mathbb{Z}\) with \(H=\{x\in \mathbb{T}: u_nx\to 0 \}.\) The emphasis of this paper is on the notion of \(\mathcal{I}\)-characterized subgroups, which is obtained by replacing in the above definition the usual convergence of the sequence \(u_nx\) by \(\mathcal{I}\)-convergence relative to an ideal \(\mathcal{I}\) of \(\mathbb{N}.\) An ideal is a nonempty family of subsets which is invariant by finite unions and subsets; a sequence \(x_n\) in a topological space \(\mathcal{I}\)-converges to \(x \in X\) if the set of \(x_n\) outside any given neighborhood of \(x\) is an element of \(\mathcal{I}.\)\N\NThe concept of an \(\mathcal{I}\)-characterized subgroup admits as particular cases all the main generalizations of the original definition of a characterized subgroup of \(\mathbb{T}\) that have appeared in the recent years. The authors collect and review all these concepts. In the final sections they analyze and reformulate different abstract properties of ideals with interesting consequences in terms of \(\mathcal{I}\)-characterized subgroups, among them the validity of Eggleston's dichotomy.
- I-convergence
- A characterization of the maximally almost periodic abelian groups
- A Convergence Problem Connected with Continued Fractions
- Analytic ideals and their applications
- Analytic quotients: theory of liftings for quotients over analytic ideals on the integers
- Answer to Armacost's Quest on Topologically Torsion Elements of the Circle Group
- Answer to Raczkowski's questions on convergent sequences of integers
- Characterizable groups: Some results and open questions
- Characterizations of groups generated by Kronecker sets
- Characterized subgroups of the circle group
- Characterized subgroups of topological abelian groups
- Characterized subgroups related to some non-arithmetic sequence of integers
- Characterizing subgroups of compact Abelian groups
- Convergent sequences in precompact group topologies
- Density by moduli and statistical convergence
- Dirichlet sets vs characterized subgroups
- Eggleston's dichotomy for characterized subgroups and the role of ideals
- Existence of an uncountable tower of Borel subgroups between the Prüfer group and the \(s\)-characterized group
- Factorizable subgroups of the circle group
- Generalized kinds of density and the associated ideals
- Generating new ideals using weighted density via modulus functions
- Generating subgroups of the circle using a generalized class of density functions
- Generating subgroups of the circle using statistical convergence of order \(\alpha\)
- Good approximation and characterization of subgroups of R = Z
- Good Approximations and Continued Fractions
- Homogeneity problems in the theory of Cech compactifications
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- Lacunarity and the Bohr topology
- On a new class of trigonometric thin sets extending Arbault sets
- On the Borel complexity of characterized subgroups
- Restricting statistical convergence
- Sequences and filters of characters characterizing subgroups of compact Abelian groups
- Sets of Fractional Dimensions which Occur in Some Problems of Number Theory
- Solution of a general version of Armacost's problem on topologically torsion elements
- Some further remarks on characterized subgroups generated by modular simple density
- Some remarks on (a)-characterized subgroups of the circle
- Statistically characterized subgroups of the circle
- Statistically characterized subgroups of the circle. II: Continued fractions
- Statistically characterized subgroups related to some non-arithmetic sequence of integers
- Thin sets of harmonic analysis and infinite combinatorics
- Topological groups and the Pontryagin-van Kampen duality. An introduction
- Topological torsion related to some recursive sequences of integers
- Topologically Torsion Elements of the Circle Group
- Topologically torsion elements of the circle group for arithmetic-type sequences
- Über die Gleichverteilung von Zahlen mod. Eins.
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