Saddle-shaped solutions of bistable diffusion equations in all of R^2m

DOI10.4171/JEMS/168MaRDI QIDQ843186zbMATH OpenFDO

Authors Xavier Cabré, Joana Terra

Publication date 29 September 2009

Published in Journal of the European Mathematical Society (JEMS) (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/0801.3379, http://www.ems-ph.org/journals/show_pdf.php?issn=1435-9855&vol=11&iss=4&rank=5

zbMATH Keywords

bistable diffusion equationsinstabilitysaddle-shaped solutions

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Stability in context of PDEs (35B35) Semilinear elliptic equations (35J61)

Abstract: We study the existence and instability properties of saddle-shaped solutions of the semilinear elliptic equation $-Deltau=f(u)$ in the whole $R^{2m}$, where $f$ is of bistable type. It is known that in dimension $2m=2$ there exists a saddle-shaped solution. This is a solution which changes sign in $R^2$ and vanishes only on $|x_1|=|x_2|$. It is also known that this solution is unstable. In this article we prove the existence of saddle-shaped solutions in every even dimension, as well as their instability in the case of dimension $2m=4$. More precisely, our main result establishes that if $2m=4$, every solution vanishing on the Simons cone $(x^1,x^2)in{R}^{m}imes{R}^m:|x^1|=|x^2|$ is unstable outside of every compact set and, as a consequence, has infinite Morse index. These results are relevant in connection with a conjecture of De Giorgi extensively studied in recent years and for which the existence of a counter-example in high dimensions is still an open problem.

Review text

The main goal of the authors is to consider existence and instability results of saddle-shaped solutions of the semilinear elliptic equation \[ - \Delta u= f (u) \] in the whole \(\mathbb R^{2 m}\), being \(f\) of bistable type. It is known that in dimension \(2m=2\) there exists a saddle shaped solution. This is a solution which changes sign in \(\mathbb R^2\) and vanishes only on \(\{ |x_1| = |x_2| \}\). It is also known that this solution is unstable. The authors prove the existence of saddle-shaped solutions in every even dimension, as well as their instability in the case of dimension \(2m=4\). We point out that it is established that if \(2m=4\), every solution vanishing in the ``Simon cone is unstable outside every compact set and, as a consequence, has infinite Morse index. Interesting is the relation between these results and De Giorgi's conjecture extensively studied by many authors and for which the existence of a counter-example in high dimensions is still an open question.

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