Reconstructing GKZ via topological recursion

DOI10.1007/S00220-019-03590-6MaRDI QIDQ2007747zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Hiroyuki Fuji, Kohei Iwaki, Masahide Manabe, Ikuo Satake

Publication date 22 November 2019

Published in Communications in Mathematical Physics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1708.09365, http://hdl.handle.net/21.11116/0000-0005-56C2-F

GKZ equations Gromov-Witten theory of projective spaces mirror symmetry topological recursion

Mirror symmetry (algebro-geometric aspects) (14J33) Gromov-Witten invariants, quantum cohomology, Gopakumar-Vafa invariants, Donaldson-Thomas invariants (algebro-geometric aspects) (14N35) Closed and approximate solutions to the Schrödinger, Dirac, Klein-Gordon and other equations of quantum mechanics (81Q05) Semiclassical techniques, including WKB and Maslov methods applied to problems in quantum theory (81Q20)

Abstract: In this article, a novel description of the hypergeometric differential equation found from Gel'fand-Kapranov-Zelevinsky's system (referred to GKZ equation) for Givental's

J

-function in the Gromov-Witten theory will be proposed. The GKZ equation involves a parameter

h b a r

, and we will reconstruct it as the WKB expansion from the classical limit

h b a r o 0

via the topological recursion. In this analysis, the spectral curve (referred to GKZ curve) plays a central role, and it can be defined as the critical point set of the mirror Landau-Ginzburg potential. Our novel description is derived via the duality relations of the string theories, and various physical interpretations suggest that the GKZ equation is identified with the quantum curve for the brane partition function in the cohomological limit. As an application of our novel picture for the GKZ equation, we will discuss the Stokes matrix for the equivariant

m a t h b b C e x t b f P^{1}

model and the wall-crossing formula for the total Stokes matrix will be examined. And as a byproduct of this analysis we will study Dubrovin's conjecture for this equivariant model.

Review text

The authors give a construction of a class of GKZ equations arising from the equivariant Gromov-Witten theory of projective spaces via the topological recursion, by using the idea of quantum curves which relates the topological recursion correlators to the WKB formal solution of a certain Schrödinger-type differential or difference equation. The authors focus on the GKZ equations arising from the equivariant Gromov-Witten theory with the target space \(X\) which is either the projective spaces \(\mathbb{CP}^{N-1}_{\boldsymbol{w}}\) or smooth Fano complete intersections \(X_{\boldsymbol{w},\boldsymbol{\lambda}}\) of \(n\) (\(< N\)) degree 1 hypersufaces inside \(\mathbb{CP}^{N-1}\), specified by the equivariant parameters \({\boldsymbol{w}}\in\mathbb{C}^N\) and \(\boldsymbol{\lambda}\in\mathbb{C}^n\) with respect to the torus actions on the target space. The authors observe that the GKZ equations are of the form \(\widehat{A}(\widehat{x},\widehat{y})J_X(x)=0\), where \(J(x)\) denotes the Givental's \(J\)-function, and \(\widehat{x}\) and \(\widehat{y}\) act on it by \(\widehat{x}J_X(x)=xJ_X(x)\) and \(\widehat{y}J_X(x)=\hbar x\frac{d}{dx}J_X(x)\). On the B-model side (i.e., the Landau-Ginzburg model side) of the mirror symmetry, this GKZ equation is also regarded as the equation satisfied by the ``equivariant oscillatory integral \(\mathcal{I}_X (x)\). Since the GKZ equation is a Schrödinger-type equation, one can take the classical limit \(A_X (x, y) \in \mathbb{C}[x, y]\) of the differential operator \(\widehat{A}(\widehat{x},\widehat{y})\). The authors call the algebraic curve \(A_X (x, y) = 0,\) the GKZ curve and show that all the GKZ curves for \(X = \mathbb{CP}^{N-1}_{\boldsymbol{w}}\) and \(X_{\boldsymbol{w},\boldsymbol{\lambda}}\) are of genus 0. Therefore there exist a pair of rational functions \(x = x(z)\) and \(y = y(z)\) which parametrize it. Thus, one may regard the GKZ curve as a spectral curve \((\mathbb{CP}^1, x(z), y(z))\) for the topological recursion. The authors show that the GKZ curves satisfy the ``admissibility condition proposed in [\textit{V. Bouchard} and \textit{B. Eynard}, J. Éc. Polytech., Math. 4, 845--908 (2017; Zbl 1426.14009)], indicating that there exist a Schrödinger-type differential equation, with the GKZ curve being its classical limit, which annihilates the wave function \(\psi(D)\) defined by a certain WKB-type formal series where \(D\) denotes an integration divisor on \(\mathbb{CP}^1\). The authors formulate their main result as a theorem stating that for the GKZ curve corresponding to \(\mathbb{CP}^{N-1}_{\boldsymbol{w}}\) or \(X_{\boldsymbol{w},\boldsymbol{\lambda}}\), the corresponding wave function \(\psi (D)\) satisfies the GKZ equation which is satisfied by the \(J\)-function \(J_X\) and the mirror equivariant oscillatory integral \(\mathcal{I}_X\). This theorem claims that the GKZ equations are reconstructible from the GKZ curve through the topological recursion. More precisely, there exists an appropriate choice of the integration divisor \(D\) which realizes the GKZ equation as a quantum curve. This theorem also implies that the WKB solution has an alternative meaning in the B-model description; it agrees with the saddle point expansion of the oscillatory integral \(\mathcal{I}_X\) up to some normalization factor. For certain oscillatory integrals the authors specify the factor and obtain a full-order coincidence of the asymptotic expansion of \(\mathcal{I}_X\) and the wave function. The authors discuss the string dualities behind their proposal, especially by considering the \(J\)-function as the vortex partition function and brane partition function in the open topological A-model and B-model. The authors also compute the total Stokes matrices for the quantum curve arising from equivariant \(\mathbb{CP}^1\) by using the exact WKB method. They also examine a wall-crossing formula and equivariant version of the Dubrovin's conjecture [\textit{B. Dubrovin}, Doc. Math. Extra Vol., 315--326 (1998; Zbl 0916.32018)] in this particular case.

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