Rotating spirals for three-component competition systems
The authors investigate a three-component Lotka-Volterra competition system on the unit disk under either Neumann or inhomogeneous Dirichlet boundary conditions. The system shares three notable features: equal diffusion rates, logistic growth rates, and cyclic intraspecific competition. For Neumann boundary conditions, they show that (symmetric rigidly-rotating) spiral waves (i.e., nonradial positive solutions) can bifurcate from a positive constant equilibrium. In the case of inhomogeneous Dirichlet boundary conditions, they employ the Rothe fixed-point theorem to obtain spiral waves. Both results hinge on the eigenstructure of the Laplacian operator \(L_\omega\) in the co-rotating frame, where the associated Bessel eigenfunctions span the radial part of the resulting spiral waves.
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