Sharp-interface limit of a multi-phase spectral shape optimization problem for elastic structures

DOI10.1007/S00245-023-10093-3MaRDI QIDQ6139958zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Harald Garcke, Paul Hüttl, Christian Kahle, Patrik Knopf

Publication date 19 January 2024

Published in Applied Mathematics and Optimization (Search for Journal in Brave)

Copyright license Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/2304.02477

eigenvalue problem formally matched asymptotics linear elasticity phase-field models shape and topology optimization sharp-interface limit structural optimization

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Asymptotic expansions of solutions to PDEs (35C20) General topics in linear spectral theory for PDEs (35P05) PDEs in connection with mechanics of deformable solids (35Q74) Free boundary problems for PDEs (35R35) Optimization of shapes other than minimal surfaces (49Q10) Variational methods for eigenvalues of operators (49R05) Classical linear elasticity (74B05) Compliance or weight optimization in solid mechanics (74P05) Topological methods for optimization problems in solid mechanics (74P15)

Abstract: We consider an optimization problem for the eigenvalues of a multi-material elastic structure that was previously introduced by Garcke et al. [Adv. Nonlinear Anal. 11 (2022), no. 1, 159--197]. There, the elastic structure is represented by a vector-valued phase-field variable, and a corresponding optimality system consisting of a state equation and a gradient inequality was derived. In the present paper, we pass to the sharp-interface limit in this optimality system by the technique of formally matched asymptotics. Therefore, we derive suitable Lagrange multipliers to formulate the gradient inequality as a pointwise equality. Afterwards, we introduce inner and outer expansions, relate them by suitable matching conditions and formally pass to the sharp-interface limit by comparing the leading order terms in the state equation and in the gradient equality. Furthermore, the relation between these formally derived first-order conditions and results of Allaire and Jouve [Comput. Methods Appl. Mech. Engrg., 194 (2005), pp. 3269--3290] obtained in the framework of classical shape calculus is discussed. Eventually, we provide numerical simulations for a variety of examples. In particular, we illustrate the sharp-interface limit and also consider a joint optimization problem of simultaneous compliance and eigenvalue optimization.

Review text

The authors consider a bounded and Lipschitz domain \(\Omega \subset \mathbb{R }^{d}\), whose boundary is split into two disjoint parts: \(\Gamma _{D}\) with strictly positive \((d-1)\)-dimensional Hausdorff measure and \(\Gamma _{0}\). They consider the eigenvalue problem: \(-\nabla \cdot \lbrack \mathbb{C} (\varphi )\mathcal{E}(w^{\varepsilon ,\varphi })]=\lambda ^{\varepsilon ,\varphi }\rho (\varphi )w^{\varepsilon ,\varphi }\), posed in \(\Omega \), with the boundary conditions \(w^{\varepsilon ,\varphi }=0\) on \(\Gamma _{D}\), \([\mathbb{C}(\varphi )\mathcal{E}(w^{\varepsilon ,\varphi })]n=0\), on \( \Gamma _{0}\). The elasticity tensor \(\mathbb{C}:\mathbb{R}^{N}\rightarrow \mathbb{R}^{d\times d\times d\times d}\) is a fourth-order tensor such that \( \mathbb{C}_{ijkl}\in C_{\mathrm{loc}}^{1,1}(\mathbb{R}^{N};\mathbb{R})\), \(\mathbb{C} _{ijkl}=\mathbb{C}_{jikl}=\mathbb{C}_{ijlk}=\mathbb{C}_{klij}\), for \( i,j,k,l=1,\ldots ,d\), \(\mathbb{C}\) is coercive: for any fixed \(\varepsilon >0 \), there exists \(\theta _{\varepsilon }>0\) such that \(\mathbb{C}(\varphi ) \mathcal{B}:\mathcal{B}\geq \theta _{\varepsilon }\left\vert \mathcal{B} \right\vert ^{2}\), for all \(\varphi \in \mathbb{R}^{N}\) and all symmetric matrices \(\mathcal{B}\in \mathbb{R}^{d\times d}\). The strain tensor \( \mathcal{E}\) of a vector-valued function \(u\in H_{D}^{1}(\Omega ;\mathbb{R} ^{d})\) is given as \(\mathcal{E}(u)=\frac{1}{2}(\nabla u+\nabla u^{T})\). The density function \(\rho :\mathbb{R}^{N}\rightarrow \mathbb{R}\) belongs to \( C_{\mathrm{loc}}^{1,1}(\mathbb{R}^{N};\mathbb{R})\) and is uniformly positive: for any fixed \(\varepsilon >0\), there is a constant \(\rho _{0,\varepsilon }>0\) such that \(\rho (\varphi )\geq \rho _{0,\varepsilon }\) for all \(\varphi \in \mathbb{R}^{N}\). The authors finally introduce the minimization problem: \( min_{\varphi \in \mathcal{G}^{m}}J_{l}^{\varepsilon }(\varphi )\), where \( \mathcal{G}^{m}=\{\varphi \in H^{1}(\Omega ;\mathbb{R}^{N})\mid \varphi (x)\in G=\mathbb{R}_{+}^{N}\cap \{\xi \in \mathbb{R}^{N}\mid \sum_{i=1}^{N}\xi _{i}=1\}\) for almost all \(x\in \Omega \), \(\frac{1}{ \int_{\Omega }dx}\int_{\Omega }\varphi (x)dx=1\}\), \(J_{l}^{\varepsilon }(\varphi )=\Psi (\lambda _{n_{1}}^{\varepsilon ,\varphi },\ldots ,\lambda _{n_{l}}^{\varepsilon ,\varphi })+\gamma E^{\varepsilon }(\varphi )\), \( E^{\varepsilon }\) being the Ginzburg-Landau energy: \(E^{\varepsilon }(\varphi )=\int_{\Omega }(\frac{\varepsilon }{2}\left\vert \nabla \varphi \right\vert ^{2}+\frac{1}{\varepsilon }\psi (\varphi ))dx\), the potential \( \psi \) enforcing the phase-field \(\varphi \) to attain its values only in the Gibbs simplex \(\{\xi \in \mathbb{R}^{N}\mid \sum_{i=1}^{N}\xi _{i}=1\}\), and \(\gamma >0\) is a fixed constant related to surface tension. The authors first recall the optimality conditions they proved in [\textit{H. Garcke} et al., ESAIM, Control Optim. Calc. Var. 29, Paper No. 10, 57 p. (2023; Zbl 1512.35411)], as a gradient inequality. The first main result proves the existence of a solution \( \varphi \in H^{2}(\Omega ;\mathbb{R}^{N})\) to this gradient inequality, under a suitable regularity assumption on the eigenfunctions involved in the minimization problem. For the proof, the authors introduce a regularization problem, regularizing the potential \(\psi \) and rewriting the constraints. They prove the existence of a solution to this regularized problem in \( H^{2}(\Omega ;\mathbb{R}^{N})\). They prove uniform estimates on this solution with respect to the regularizing parameter, which allow passing to the limit. They then build inner and outer asymptotic expansions to produce a state equation and a gradient equality in the sharp-interface limit. They compare the leading order terms of the inner and outer asymptotic expansions in the state equation and in the gradient equality. They state the complete sharp-interface problem, passing to the limit in the state equation and in the first-order optimality condition. They specialize the sharp-interface optimality system in the case of only one material. They compare their results to that obtained by \textit{G. Allaire} and \textit{F. Jouve} in [Comput. Methods Appl. Mech. Eng. 194, No. 30-33, 3269--3290 (2005; Zbl 1091.74038)] using shape calculus. The paper ends with the presentation of numerical results.

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