Stable Ulrich bundles

DOI10.1142/S0129167X12500838MaRDI QIDQ2909480zbMATH OpenWikidataFDO

Authors Robin Hartshorne, Florian Geiss, Frank-Olaf Schreyer, Marta Casanellas

Publication date 30 August 2012

Published in International Journal of Mathematics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1102.0878

ACM sheaves moduli space stable vector bundles Ulrich bundles

Cohen-Macaulay modules (13C14) Algebraic moduli problems, moduli of vector bundles (14D20) Vector bundles on surfaces and higher-dimensional varieties, and their moduli (14J60)

Abstract: The existence of stable ACM vector bundles of high rank on algebraic varieties is a challenging problem. In this paper, we study stable Ulrich bundles (that is, stable ACM bundles whose corresponding module has the maximum number of generators) on nonsingular cubic surfaces

X s u b s e t m a t h b b P^{3} .

We give necessary and sufficient conditions on the first Chern class

D

for the existence of stable Ulrich bundles on

X

of rank

r

and

c_{1} = D

. When such bundles exist, we prove that that the corresponding moduli space of stable bundles is smooth and irreducible of dimension

D^{2} - 2 r^{2} + 1

and consists entirely of stable Ulrich bundles (see Theorem 1.1). As a consequence, we are also able to prove the existence of stable Ulrich bundles of any rank on nonsingular cubic threefolds in

m a t h b b P^{4}

.

Review text

Recall that a coherent sheaf \(E\) on an integral projective variety \((X, {\mathcal O}_X)\) is called ACM (\textit{arithmetically Cohen-Macaulay}) if \(H^i(E(t))=0\) for all \(1<i< \text{dim } X\) and all \(t\in \mathbb Z\). If \(d\) is the degree of \(X\) and \(r\) the rank of \(E\), it was shown by the authors, in a previous paper, that the graded module \(\bigoplus _t H^0(E(t))\) is generated by at most \(dr\) elements. The sheaves for which the maximal number is achieved are called \textit{Ulrich sheaves}. In this paper one calls \textit{Ulrich} those sheaves which have all these generators in degree \(0\).NEWLINENEWLINEIn this paper one studies Ulrich bundles on smooth cubic surfaces \(X \subset {\mathbb P}^3\). The main results of this paper are:NEWLINENEWLINE Theorem 1.1. If \(X\) is a divisor on a smooth cubic surface in \(\mathbb P^3\) and \(r\) is an integer \(\geq 0\), then there exist rank \(r\) stable Ulrich bundles on \(X\) iff \(0\leq D \cdot L \leq 2r\) for all lines \(L\) on \(X\) and \(D\cdot T \geq 2r\) for all twisted cubics \(T\) on \(X\), with one exception. In this case the moduli space of stable vector bundles on \(X\) of rank \(r\), \(c_1=D\) and \(c_2=\frac{D^2-r}{2}\) is irreducible, smooth, of dimension \(D^2-2r^2+1\) and consists only of stable Ulrich bundles.NEWLINENEWLINE Theorem 1.2. The moduli space of rank \(r\geq 2\) stable Ulrich bundles on a general cubic threefold \(Y \subset {\mathbb P}^4\) is nonempty, of dimension \(r^2+1\). It has an open subset for which the restriction to a hyperplane section gives an étale dominant map to the moduli space on the cubic surface.NEWLINENEWLINEThe last theorem uses essentially the results of F.~Geiss and F.-O.~Schreyer, included in an appendix to this paper. They show, using ingenuosly computations in Macaulay2 over a finite field and semicontinuity, that, if \(N_{E/X}\) is the normal bundle of a general elliptic normal curve \(E\) of degree \(5\) on a general cubic threefold \(X\subset {\mathbb P}^4\) over an algebraically closed field of characteristic \(0\), then \(N_{E/X}(-1)\cong L\oplus L^{-1}\), where \(L\in \mathrm{Pic}^0(X)\), \(L \not \cong {\mathcal O}_E\). In particular \(H^1(N_{E/X}(-1)=0\). The last vanishing is proven also for a general arithmetically Cohen-Macaulay curve \(C\) of genus \(10\) and degree \(12\) on a cubic threefold \(X\subset {\mathbb P}^4\). Then there is proven the existence of a nonempty open set of triples \((C,E,X)\) which satisfy: \(E \cap C =\emptyset \), \(\text{dim }\mathrm{Ext}^1(I_{E/X}(2), {\mathcal O}_X)=1\) and for the nontrivial extension \(F\), \(H^1(F\otimes I_{C/X})=H^2(F\otimes I_{C/X}) =0\).

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