Stable planes
A stable plane is a linear space \(\mathbb{M} = (M, {\mathcal M})\) in which the point set \(M\) and the set of lines \({\mathcal M}\) carry locally compact, finite-dimensional, connected Hausdorff topologies such that the geometric operations of joining points and intersecting lines are continuous on their domains of definition and such that the set of pairs of intersecting lines is open in \({\mathcal M} \times {\mathcal M}\) (stability axiom). A fundamental result of \textit{R. Löwen} [J. Reine Angew. Math. 343, 108-122 (1983; Zbl 0524.57011)] says that \(M\) and \({\mathcal M}\) are of the same dimension 2, 4, 8, or 16. Classical examples of \(2l\)-dimensional stable planes are the \(2l\)-dimensional projective planes \(P_ 2\mathbb{F}\) over the \(l\)-dimensional real alternative division algebra \(\mathbb{F}\) (i.e. the reals, the complex numbers, Hamilton's quaternions and Cayley's octonious) and their open connected subsets with the induced geometry. Given two stable planes \(\mathbb{D} = (D, {\mathcal D})\) and \(\mathbb{E} = (E, {\mathcal E})\) the author deals with the problem whether or not there is an open embedding \((\pi, \lambda)\) of \(\mathbb{D}\) into \(\mathbb{E}\), that is, \(\pi : D \to E\) and \(\lambda : {\mathcal D} \to {\mathcal E}\) are injective continuous maps and \(\pi (D)\) is open in \(E\). The latter condition can be replaced by the assumption that \(\lambda\) maps each pencil of lines \({\mathcal D}_ p\) through \(p \in D\) onto the pencil \({\mathcal E}_{\pi (p)}\). From this fact a simple criterion that a given stable cannot be embedded as an open subplane of a compact projective plane is derived. This criterion applies to many stable planes as illustrated by a number of examples. A short report on the present state of the program of classifying stable planes according to the dimension of their automorphism groups and an extensive list of references is included in the paper.
- 4-dimensional compact projective planes with a 7-dimensional collineation group
- R^ 2-planes with 3-dimensional automorphism group fixing precisely a line
- \(R^2\)-planes with 2-dimensional point transitive automorphism group
- A characterization of quaternion planes
- A criterion for stability of planes
- A local fundamental theorem for classical topological projective spaces
- Actions of \(Spin_ 3\) on 4-dimensional stable planes
- Actions of SO(3) on 4-dimensional stable planes
- Central collineations and the parallel axiom in stable planes
- Characterization of the three classical plane geometries
- Classification of 4-Dimensional Generalized Symmetric Planes
- Classification of 4-dimensional symmetric planes
- Compact 16-Dimensional Projective Planes with Large Collineation Groups. IV
- Compact 8-dimensional Projective Planes
- Connected 4-dimensional stable planes with many central collineations
- Defining topological projective spaces and topological Grassmann spaces
- Eine Charakterisierung der klassischen Geometrien
- Embedding geometric lattices with topology
- Equivariant embeddings of low dimensional symmetric planes
- Four-dimensional compact projective planes with a nonsolvable automorphism group
- Generalized symmetric planes
- Geometric lattices with topology
- Geometries on surfaces
- Gruppentheoretische Charakterisierungen klassischer desarguesscher und moultonscher Ebenen.
- Halbeinfache Automorphismengruppen von vierdimensionalen stabilen Ebenen sind quasi-einfach
- Homogene affine Ebenen
- Homogene kompakte projektive Ebenen
- Homogeneous compact projective planes.
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- Isomorphism types of arc planes
- Kollineationsgruppen ebener Geometrien
- Kompakte, vier-dimensionale projektive Ebenen mit 8-dimensionaler Kollineationsgruppe
- Lie algebras of locally compact groups
- Locally compact connected groups acting on Euclidean space with Lie isotropy groups are Lie
- Locally Compact Hughes Planes
- Lokal desarguessche Geometrien auf dem Möbiusband
- Lokal desarguessche Salzmann-Ebenen
- On topological projective spaces and their Grassmannians
- Pasting of \(\mathbb{R}^ 2\)-planes
- Planar groups of automorphisms of stable planes
- Point homogeneous flat affine planes
- Quasi-perspectivities in stable planes
- Quaternion Hermitian planes
- Reconstruction of incidence geometries from groups of automorphisms
- Salzmann-Ebenen mit hinreichend vielen Punkt- oder Geradenspiegelungen
- Stable planes admitting a classical motion group
- Stable planes of low dimension admitting reflections at many lines
- Stable planes with isotropic points
- Symmetric planes
- Topological affine spaces
- Topological geometric lattices
- Topological planes
- Topological projective spaces
- Topologische Geometrien auf dem Möbiusband
- Topologische projektive Räume
- Topology and dimension of stable planes: On a conjecture of H. Freudenthal.
- Two-dimensional stable planes with non-solvable automorphism group
- Vierdimensionale \({\mathbb{C}}^*\cdot SU_ 2{\mathbb{C}}\)-Ebenen. (Four- dimensional \({\mathbb{C}}^*\cdot SU_ 2{\mathbb{C}}\)-planes)
- Vierdimensionale stabile Ebenen
- Weakly flag homogeneous stable planes of low dimension
- Wirkungen und Geometrien der Gruppe \(L_2\times\mathbb{R}\)
- Zentrale und axiale Kollineationen in Salzmann-Ebenen
- Zur Klassifikation topologischer Ebenen. I, II
- Zur Klassifikation topologischer Ebenen. III
- Zur Klassifikation von Salzmann-Ebenen mit dreidimensionaler Kollineationsgruppe
- Zur Klassifikation von Salzmann-Ebenen mit dreidimensionaler Kollineationsgruppe. II
- Zweidimensionale topologische Geometrien, in denen lokal die dreifache Ausartung des Desarguesschen Satzes gilt
- A criterion for stability of planes
- Planar groups of automorphisms of stable planes
- Embedding a non-embeddable stable plane
- Remarks on the first non-Desarguesian planar geometry by Hilbert
- Duality in stable planes and related closure and kernel operations
- A note on Hilbert and Beltrami systems
- Shear planes
- Smooth stable planes
- Smooth stable planes and the moduli spaces of locally compact translation planes
- Direct limits and maximality of stable planes
- An axiomatic description of the Strambach planes
- Stable projective planes with Riemannian metrics
- Connected 4-dimensional stable planes with many central collineations
- Substituting compact disks in stable planes
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- Planes and Processes
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- A characterization of quaternion planes
- Blowing up points and embedding flat stable planes in the nonorientable compact surface of genus one
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