The Poisson formula for groups with hyperbolic properties

DOI10.2307/2661351MaRDI QIDQ5931220zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Vadim A. Kaimanovich

Publication date 14 May 2001

Published in Annals of Mathematics. Second Series (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/math/9802132, https://eudml.org/doc/121788, http://www.math.princeton.edu/~annals/issues/2000/152_3.html

zbMATH Keywords

Cartan-Hadamard manifoldcocompact latticeconditional processdiscrete subgroupend of a groupentropyFurstenberg boundaryharmonic functionhyperbolic groupMarkov chainMarkov operatorpath spacePoisson boundarysemi-simple Lie group

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Hyperbolic groups and nonpositively curved groups (20F67) Entropy and other invariants (28D20) Harmonic, subharmonic, superharmonic functions on other spaces (31C05) Geodesics in global differential geometry (53C22) Boundary theory for Markov processes (60J50)

Abstract: The Poisson boundary of a group G with a probability measure mu is the space of ergodic components of the time shift in the path space of the associated random walk. Via a generalization of the classical Poisson formula it gives an integral representation of bounded mu-harmonic functions on G. In this paper we develop a new method of identifying the Poisson boundary based on entropy estimates for conditional random walks. It leads to simple purely geometric criteria of boundary maximality which bear hyperbolic nature and allow us to identify the Poisson boundary with natural topological boundaries for several classes of groups: word hyperbolic groups and discontinuous groups of isometries of Gromov hyperbolic spaces, groups with infinitely many ends, cocompact lattices in Cartan-Hadamard manifolds, discrete subgroups of semi-simple Lie groups.

Review text

Given a Markov operator \(P\) on a Lebesgue measure space \((X,m)\), there exists a space \(\Gamma\) (called the Poisson boundary of \(P\)) equipped with a family of probability measures \(\nu_x\), \(x\in X\), such that the Poisson formula establishes an isometry between the space of \(P\)-harmonic functions (that is, functions \(f\) satisfying \(Pf=f\)) from the space \(L^{\infty}(X,m)\) to the space \(L^{\infty}(\Gamma)\). The Poisson boundary is defined as the space of ergodic components of the time shift \(T\) in the space of sample paths of the Markov chain of \(X\) associated with the operator \(P\), the measures \(\nu_x\) being the images of the measures in the path space corresponding to starting the Markov chain at points \(x\in X\). In the case where the space \(X\) is endowed with additional (geometric, algebraic, etc.) structures, the operator \(P\) is supposed to have some properties which make it compatible with this structure, and it is natural to ask for a description of the Poisson boundary (which in principle is a measure-theoretic object) in terms of this structure. This paper addresses the question of identifying the Poisson boundary for the random walk operator determined by a probability measure \(\mu\) on a countable group \(G\). The author develops new methods and obtains new results on the subject, generalizing previous results of himself and of other authors. The methods consist in describing the Poisson boundary of certain groups, via entropy estimates for conditional random walks. The boundaries are identified then as natural topological boundaries. The classes of groups concerned are those of word hyperbolic groups and discontinuous groups of isometries on Gromov hyperbolic spaces, groups with infinitely many ends, cocompact lattices in Cartan-Hadamard manifolds and discrete subgroups of semi-simple Lie groups.

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