The moduli of annuli in random conformal geometry
A major programme in random geometry involves understanding how Liouville quantum gravity arises as a continuum limit of discrete random geometries described by random planar maps. Certain associated random field and statistical-physics structures correspond to Liouville conformal field theory and conformal loop ensembles. For the case where the underlying topology is simply connected (the sphere or the disk), significant recent advances mean the continuum picture is quite well understood, where the basic objects are the Brownian sphere and disk. The focus of this paper is the case when the underlying topology is not simply connected, specifically, that of the annulus. This case presents the additional feature of non-uniqueness of the conformal structure, due to the random \textit{modulus} (ratio of the outer to inner radii) of the annulus conformally equivalent to the Brownian annulus.\N\NThis paper proves exact formulae for laws of the modulus of the Brownian annulus (pure gravity) and variations defined using conformal loop ensembles. Some of these formulae have been conjectured from non-rigorous conformal field theory arguments. \N\NThe authors' abstract: ``We obtain exact formulae for three basic quantities in random conformal geometry that depend on the modulus of an annulus. The first is for the law of the modulus of the Brownian annulus describing the scaling limit of uniformly sampled planar maps with annular topology, which is as predicted from the ghost partition function in bosonic string theory. The second is for the law of the modulus of the annulus bounded by a loop of a simple conformal loop ensemble (CLE) on a disk and the disk boundary. The formula is as conjectured from the partition function of the \(O(n)\) loop model on the annulus derived by \textit{H. Saleur} and \textit{M. Bauer} [Nuc. Phys. B 320, No. 3, 591--624 (1989; \url{doi:10.1016/0550-3213(89)90014-X})] and \textit{J. Cardy} [J. Stat. Phys. 125, No. 1, 1--21 (2006; Zbl 1113.82012)]. The third is for the annulus partition function of the SLE\(_{8/3}\) loop introduced by \textit{W. Werner} [J. Am. Math. Soc. 21, No. 1, 137--169 (2008; Zbl 1130.60016)], confirming another prediction of \textit{J. Cardy} [Zbl 1113.82012]. The physics principle underlying our proofs is that 2D quantum gravity coupled with conformal matters can be decomposed into three conformal field theories (CFT): the matter CFT, the Liouville CFT, and the ghost CFT. At the technical level, we rely on two types of integrability in Liouville quantum gravity, one from the scaling limit of random planar maps, the other from the Liouville CFT.
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- Compact Brownian surfaces
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- Conformal bootstrap in Liouville theory
- Conformal field theories of stochastic Loewner evolutions
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- Probability laws related to the Jacobi theta and Riemann zeta functions, and Brownian excur\-sions
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- SLE loop measures
- The \(O(n)\) model on the annulus
- The Brownian map is the scaling limit of uniform random plane quadrangulations
- The conformally invariant measure on self-avoiding loops
- The Fyodorov-Bouchaud formula and Liouville conformal field theory
- The nested simple conformal loop ensembles in the Riemann sphere
- The perimeter cascade in critical Boltzmann quadrangulations decorated by an \(O(n)\) loop model
- The scaling limit of critical Ising interfaces is \(\mathrm{CLE}_3\)
- The SLE loop via conformal welding of quantum disks
- The Tutte embedding of the Poisson-Voronoi tessellation of the Brownian disk converges to \(\sqrt{8/3}\)-Liouville quantum gravity
- Tightness of Liouville first passage percolation for (0,2)
- Two perspectives of the 2D unit area quantum sphere and their equivalence
- Uniqueness and universality of the Brownian map
- Unit boundary length quantum disk: a study of two different perspectives and their equivalence
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