The wavefront set: bounds for the Langlands parameter

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In the paper under review, the authors formulated a general upper-bound conjecture for \(p\)-adic groups and several variants relating the nilpotent orbits that appear in the wavefront set and in the Langlands parameter and verify these expectations in some cases, including the depth-zero supercuspidal representations of classical groups and all the irreducible representations of \(G_2\).\N\NLet \(k\) be a non-Archimedean local field of characteristic \(0\) with residue field \(\mathbb F_q\), Let \(\bar k\) be a separable closure of \(k\) and let \(K \subset \bar k\) denote the maximal unramified extension.\N\NLet \(G\) be a connected reductive \(k\)-group that splits over an unramified extension. The pure inner forms \(G^\omega\) of \(G\) is associated with a Galois cohomology class \(\omega\in H^1(k,G)\). Let \(G^\vee\) be the complex dual group to \(G\) and \({}^LG= G^\vee \rtimes W_k\) be the \(L\)-group. The Langlands parameters are the homomorphisms \(\varphi: W'_k \to {}^LG\) from the Weil-Deligne group \(W'_k= W_k \ltimes \mathbb C\) to \({}^LG\) under certain conditions.\N\NAn unramified wavefront set of a representation \(\pi\) as is a (finite) collection of nilpotent \(G^\omega(K)\)-orbits in the Lie algebra \(\mathfrak g^\omega(K)\). Let \({}^kWF(\pi)\) denote the geometric wavefront set of an admissible representation of \(G^\omega(k)\). This is a collection of adjoint nilpotent orbits in \(\mathfrak g(k)\). The nilpotent orbits in \(\mathfrak g(k)\) are ordered with respect to the partial order given by the Zariski closure. \N\NThere is a one-to-one correspondence between the set of nilpotent \(G^\omega(K)\)-orbits and pairs \((O,C)\) of nilpotent \(G(k)\)-orbit \(O\) in \(\mathfrak g(k)\) and conjugacy class \(C\) in the split component \(A(O)\). \N\NThere is also a one-to-one correspondence between the \(G^\vee\)-orbits of enhanced Langlands parameters \((\varphi,\Phi)\) such that the image \(\Phi(\mathrm{Fr})= s\) of the Frobenius element \(\mathrm{Fr}\) and \(\varphi |_{I_k} = \lambda\) and the pairs \((O^\vee,\mathcal L^\vee)\), where \(O^\vee\) is an \(H^\vee(s)\)-orbit in \(\mathfrak h^\vee\) and \(\mathcal L^\vee\) is an irreducible \(H^\vee(s)\)-equivariant local system supported on \(O^\vee\), where \(H^\vee = G^{\vee \lambda(I_k)}\) and \(\mathfrak h^\vee = \mathfrak g^{\vee \lambda(I_k)}\).\N\NLet \(d_S(x) = u^\vee\), following the Springer correspondence and \(d=d_S|_{G \setminus \mathcal U_G}\). The order between two sets \(S_1\) and \(S_2\) of nilpotent orbits is \(S_1 \leq S_2\) if for every \(O_1\in S_1\) there exists \(O_2\in S_2\) such that \(O_1 \leq O_2\) in the Zariski closure order.\N\NThe general upper-bound conjecture (Conjecture 1.9) states that for an irreducible representation \(\pi=\pi(\lambda, s, O^\vee_{\lambda,s}, \mathcal L^\vee)\) and \(O^\vee_\varphi = G^\vee O^\vee_{\lambda, s}\) in the tempered \(L\)-packet \(\Pi(\varphi) = \Pi(\lambda, s, O^\vee_{\lambda,s})\), the inequalities \({}^{\bar{k}}WF(\pi) \leq d^\vee(O^\vee_\varphi)\) or, equivalently, \(O^\vee_\varphi \leq d({}^{\bar{k}}WF(\pi) )\) hold. If in addition, \(G^\omega(k)\) is split and \(\pi\) is depth-zero compactly induced from a cuspidal representation of the maximal hyperspecial parahoric subgroup, then \({}^{\bar{k}}WF(\pi) = \{d^\vee(O^\vee_\varphi)\}\). The particular cases of the general conjecture are stated as Conjectures 1.1 and 1.6 (supercuspidals) .\N\NThe main results of the paper are:\N\NTheorem 1.8: Conjecture 1.6 (supercuspidals) holds for all depth-zero supercuspidal representations, using the Langlands parametrization by \textit{J. Lust} and \textit{S. Stevens} [Proc. Lond. Math. Soc. (3) 121, No. 5, 1083--1120 (2020; Zbl 1475.22026)].\N\NTheorem 1.10: Conjectures 1.1 and 1.9 hold for the special Lie group \(G_2\).



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