Three-fold symmetric Hahn-classical multiple orthogonal polynomials

DOI10.1142/S0219530519500106MaRDI QIDQ5220074zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Ana F. Loureiro, Walter Van Assche

Publication date 10 March 2020

Published in Analysis and Applications (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1901.01121

zbMATH Keywords

Airy functionconfluent hypergeometric functionHahn classical polynomialslinear differential equationmultiple orthogonal polynomialsorthogonal polynomialsrecurrence relation

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Orthogonal polynomials and functions of hypergeometric type (Jacobi, Laguerre, Hermite, Askey scheme, etc.) (33C45) Orthogonal functions and polynomials, general theory of nontrigonometric harmonic analysis (42C05)

Abstract: We characterize all the multiple orthogonal threefold symmetric polynomial sequences whose sequence of derivatives is also multiple orthogonal. Such a property is commonly called the Hahn property and it is an extension of the concept of classical polynomials to the context of multiple orthogonality. The emphasis is on the polynomials whose indices lie on the step line, also known as $2$-orthogonal polynomials. We explain the relation of the asymptotic behavior of the recurrence coefficients to that of the largest zero (in absolute value) of the polynomial set. We provide a full characterization of the Hahn-classical orthogonality measures supported on a $3$-star in the complex plane containing all the zeros of the polynomials. There are essentially three distinct families, one of them $2$-orthogonal with respect to two confluent functions of the second kind. This paper complements earlier research of Douak and Maroni.

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