Unipotent differential algebraic groups as parameterized differential Galois groups

DOI10.1017/S1474748013000200MaRDI QIDQ2921048zbMATH OpenOpenAlexWikidataFDO

Authors Andrey Minchenko, Alexey Ovchinnikov, Michael F. Singer

Publication date 30 September 2014

Published in Journal of the Institute of Mathematics of Jussieu (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1301.0092

zbMATH Keywords

algorithmsdifferential algebraic groupsparameterized differential Galois theory

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Differential algebra (12H05) Abstract differential equations (12H20) Representation theory for linear algebraic groups (20G05) Algebraic aspects (differential-algebraic, hypertranscendence, group-theoretical) of ordinary differential equations in the complex domain (34M15)

Abstract: We deal with aspects of the direct and inverse problems in parameterized Picard-Vessiot (PPV) theory. It is known that, for certain fields, a linear differential algebraic group (LDAG) G is a PPV Galois group over these fields if and only if G contains a Kolchin-dense finitely generated group. We show that, for a class of LDAGs G, including unipotent groups, G is such a group if and only if it has differential type 0. We give a procedure to determine if a parameterized linear differential equation has a PPV Galois group in this class and show how one can calculate the PPV Galois group of a parameterized linear differential equation if its Galois group has differential type 0.

Review text

The parametrized Picard-Vessiot (PPV) Galois theory is a Galois theory of linear differential equations, with respect to a derivation \(\partial\), of the form \(\partial Y=A Y\), where A is a squared matrix whose entries belong to a \(\{\partial\}\cup \Delta\)-differential field \(k\), with \(\{\partial\}\cup\Delta\) a finite set of commuting derivations. This theory was presented in [\textit{P. J. Cassidy} and \textit{M. F. Singer}, IRMA Lect. Math. Theor. Phys. 9, 113--155 (2007; Zbl 1356.12004)], where the next example is given: \(\frac{dy}{dx}=\frac{x}{t} y\).NEWLINENEWLINEA PPV extension \(K\) of \(k\) associated with \(\partial Y=A Y\) is a \(\{\partial\}\cup \Delta\)-differential field verifying:NEWLINENEWLINE1. \(K=k\langle Z\rangle\) is generated as a \(\{\partial\}\cup \Delta\)-differential field by the entries of a matrix \(Z\) such that \(\partial Z=AZ\).NEWLINENEWLINE2. The field of constants of \(k\) and \(K\) with respect to \(\partial\) coincide, let as call it \(C\).NEWLINENEWLINEIt was proved in the previous paper that \(C\) is a \(\Delta\)-field and if it is differentially closed the PPV extension always exists and it is unique up to \(\{\partial\}\cup \Delta-k\)-isomorphisms.NEWLINENEWLINENEWLINEThe PPV Galois theory studies the group of differential symmetries of the PPV extension, called a parameterized differential Galois group (PPV group). These are linear differential algebraic groups (LDAGs), groups of matrices whose entries satisfy polynomial differential equations in the parameters.NEWLINENEWLINENEWLINEThe paper under review deals with some aspect of the inverse and direct problems of PPV Galois theory over \(k=\mathcal{U} (x)\), where \(\mathcal{U}\) is a universal differential field with derivations \(\Delta\). It gives a characterization of those LDAGs that occur as PPV groups over \(k=\mathcal{U} (x)\). Namely, a LDAG is a PPV group if and only if it constains a finitely generated Kolchin-dense subgroup. Related with the direct problem two algorithms are presented:NEWLINENEWLINENEWLINEAlgorithm 1: Computes the defining equations of the PPV group \(G\) of \(\partial Y=A Y\) assuming that \(G\) has differential type \(0\) (in a certain sense finite-dimensional).NEWLINENEWLINENEWLINEAlgorithm 2: Determines if the PPV group \(G\) of \(\partial Y=A Y\) has the property that \(G/R_u(G)\) is 'constant', where \(R_u(G)\) is the unipotent radical of \(G\).NEWLINENEWLINECombining both algorithms allows determining if \(G/R_u(G)\) is constant (as defined in the paper) and if so to compute the defining equations of \(G\). If \(G/R_u(G)\) is not necessarily constant, an algorithm that computes \(G/R_u(G)\) is given in [the authors, Int. Math. Res. Not. 2015, No. 7, 1733--1793 (2015; Zbl 1339.12003)].

Recommendations

• New classes of parameterized differential Galois groups
• Linear algebraic groups as parameterized Picard-Vessiot Galois groups
• On the parameterized differential inverse Galois problem over \(k((t))(x)\)
• The Picard-Vessiot theory, constrained cohomology, and linear differential algebraic groups
• Galois theory of parameterized differential equations and linear differential algebraic groups

Cites work

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Cited in

(19)

• New classes of parameterized differential Galois groups
• Algebraic groups as difference Galois groups of linear differential equations
• Almost-simple affine difference algebraic groups
• On the parameterized differential inverse Galois problem over \(k((t))(x)\)
• Differential Galois theory and isomonodromic deformations
• Linear algebraic groups as parameterized Picard-Vessiot Galois groups
• Calculating differential Galois groups of parametrized differential equations, with applications to hypertranscendence
• Isomonodromic differential equations and differential categories
• On the computation of the parameterized differential Galois group for a second-order linear differential equation with differential parameters
• Computing differential Galois groups of second-order linear \(q\)-difference equations
• DIFFERENCE ALGEBRAIC RELATIONS AMONG SOLUTIONS OF LINEAR DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS
• Parameterized Picard-Vessiot extensions and Atiyah extensions
• Difference integrability conditions for parameterized linear difference and differential equations
• Computation of the unipotent radical of the differential Galois group for a parameterized second-order linear differential equation
• Calculating Galois groups of third-order linear differential equations with parameters
• Degree bound for toric envelope of a linear algebraic group
• On central extensions of simple differential algebraic groups
• Computation of the difference-differential Galois group and differential relations among solutions for a second-order linear difference equation
• Unipotent radicals of differential Galois group and integrals of solutions of inhomogeneous equations

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