Unstable patterns in reaction-diffusion model of early carcinogenesis
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Abstract: Motivated by numerical simulations showing the emergence of either periodic or irregular patterns, we explore a mechanism of pattern formation arising in the processes described by a system of a single reaction-diffusion equation coupled with ordinary differential equations. We focus on a basic model of early cancerogenesis proposed by Marciniak-Czochra and Kimmel [Comput. Math. Methods Med. {�f 7} (2006), 189--213], [Math. Models Methods Appl. Sci. {�f 17} (2007), suppl., 1693--1719], but the theory we develop applies to a wider class of pattern formation models with an autocatalytic non-diffusing component. The model exhibits diffusion-driven instability (Turing-type instability). However, we prove that all Turing-type patterns, {it i.e.,} regular stationary solutions, are unstable in the Lyapunov sense. Furthermore, we show existence of discontinuous stationary solutions, which are also unstable.
The authors consider the following system for \(x\in [0,1]\) and \(t>0\) NEWLINE\[NEWLINE\begin{aligned} u_t&=\left(\frac{av}{u+v}-d_c\right)u,\\ v_t&=-d_bv+u^2w-dv,\\ w_t&=\frac{1}{\gamma}w_{xx}-d_gw-u^2w+dv+k_0, \end{aligned}NEWLINE\]NEWLINE incorporated with homogeneous Neumann boundary condition and nonnegative initial value condition. They show the global existence of nonnegative solutions, the asymptotic stability of the trivial equilibrium \((0,0,\frac{k_0}{d_g})\). However, this model exhibits diffusion-driven instability (Turing type instability). All the Turing type patterns, i.e. regular stationary solutions, including continuous and discontinuous, are proved to be unstable in the Lyapunov sense.
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Cited in
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