Orthogonal polynomials and quadrature rules on the unit circle associated with perturbations of symmetric measures (Q2309272): Difference between revisions

The framework of this contribution is the theory of orthogonal polynomials with respect to probability measures supported on the unit circle (OPUC, in short) when a perturbation of the measure is considered. In particular, the analysis of the so called Uvarov transform (the addition to the measure of a mass point on the unit circle) constitutes the aim of the paper under review. The approach presented in the paper is based on the existence of a relation between a pair of real sequences \((\{c_{n}\}_{n\geq 1} , \{d_{n}\}_{n\geq 1})\), where the second one is a positive chain sequence, and a probability measure \(d\mu(z)\) supported on the unit circle. In [\textit{M. S. Costa} et al., J. Approx. Theory 173, 14--32 (2013; Zbl 1282.33017)], the explicit expression of the Verblunsky coefficients in terms of \(c_{n}\) and the minimal parameter sequence associated with \(d_{n}\) is given. By using a sequence of polynomials \(\{R_{n}(z)\}_{n\geq0}\) satisfying a three term recurrence relation the expression of the OPUC associated with \(d\mu\) is deduced. Furthermore \(\{(z-1) R_{n}(z)\}_{n\geq0}\) is a sequence of para-orthogonal polynomials associated with the measure \(d\mu.\) On the other hand, according to \textit{C. F. Bracciali} et al. [Math. Comput. 85, No. 300, 1837--1859 (2016; Zbl 1336.42017)] and \textit{D. K. Dimitrov} and \textit{A. S. Ranga} [Math. Nachr. 286, No. 17--18, 1778--1791 (2013; Zbl 1290.33008)], a sequence of functions \(\{W_{n}(z)\}_{n\geq0}\) defined by \(W_{n}(z) = 2^{-n} e^{- i n\theta/2)}R_{n} (e^{i\theta}), \) where \(x= \cos (\theta/2),\) is introduced as well as a positive measure \(\psi\) supported on \( [-1,1]\) and related to \(\mu\) that yields some kind of biorthogonality relation between the even and odd degree terms of \(\{W_{n}(z)\}_{n\geq0}.\) Notice that this sequence satisfies a three term recurrence relation. With this background, the author focus the attention on the Uvarov perturbation \(d\mu(\delta, z), 0<\delta<1, \) of a probability measure \(d\mu\) supported on the unit circle by adding at \(z=1\) a mass \(\varepsilon.\) The corresponding pair of sequences a \((\{c_{n}(\delta)\}_{n\geq 1} , \{d_{n}(\delta)\}_{n\geq 1})\) are obtained. In a next step, the set \(Q(c)\) of measures \(d\mu\) such that \(c_{n}= (-1)^{n} c,\) \(c\) a real number, is introduced. Every measure in \(Q(c)\) can be given as the perturbation of certain associated symmetric measure on \([-1,1].\) In particular, a quasi-symmetric relation for the measure \(d\mu(\delta ,z)\) is deduced. Furthermore, the expression of the OPUC associated with such a measure in terms of the polynomials \(\{R_{n}(z)\}_{n\geq0}\) is given. The weights and zeros of the quadrature rules for measures on \(Q(c)\) are obtained. Finally, two illustrative examples related to Gegenbauer and Pastro polynomials, respectively, are studied.