Remarks on the Cauchy functional equation and variations of it (Q525079): Difference between revisions

The following is well known (see [\textit{M. Fréchet}, Enseign. Math. 15, 390--393 (1913; JFM 44.0399.01)] and [\textit{M. Kuczma}, An introduction to the theory of functional equations and inequalities. Cauchy's equation and Jensen's inequality. Edited by Attila Gilányi. 2nd ed. Basel: Birkhäuser (2009; Zbl 1221.39041)]): Fréchet's theorem. Every Lebesgue measurable additive function \(f: \mathbb{R}^n \to \mathbb{R}\) is continuous, and hence it is of the form \[ f(x) = c \cdot x, \;x \in \mathbb{R}^{n},\tag{1} \] where \[ c \cdot x = \sum_{k=1}^{n} c_k x_k \text{, for } c = (c_k)_{k=1}^{n} \text{ and } x = (x_k)_{k=1}^{n}. \] One of results of this paper states what follows. Let \(S \subset \mathbb{R}^{n}\) be a convex subset having the nonempty interior. Let \(A \subset \mathbb{R}^{n}\) satisfy \(S \cup (S + S) \subset A\). Suppose that \(f: A \to \mathbb{R}\) satisfies \[ f(x + y) = f(x) + f(y), \;(x,y) \in S^2. \] If the function \(e^{if}\) is measurable on \(S\), then \(f\) is of the form \((1)\). It is obvious that measurability of \(f\) implies measurability of \(e^{if}\). The author gives an example of a non-measurable additive function \(f: \mathbb{R} \to \mathbb{R}\) for which \(e^{if}\) is measurable. So the quoted theorem is indeed stronger than Fréchet's one. Similar problems are considered for the Jensen equation, the multiplicative Cauchy equation, the alternative Cauchy equation and the Pexider equation.