On Jacobians with group action and coverings (Q2287982): Difference between revisions

To each closed Riemann surface \(S\) of genus \(g \geq 1\) there is associated its jacobian variety \(JS\), this being a \(g\)-dimensional complex torus with a principal polarization. Formally, \(JS=H^{1,0}(S)^{*}/\iota(H_{1}(S;{\mathbb Z}))\), where \(H^{1,0}(S)^{*}\) denotes the dual space of the \(g\)-dimensional complex vector space of holomorphic \(1\)-forms on \(S\) and \(\iota(H_{1}(S;{\mathbb Z}))\) is the lattice embedding of the homology group of \(S\) given by integration of forms. The polarization of \(JS\) is induced by the intersection form in homology. If \(g=1\), then \(JS \cong S\). Now, for \(g \geq 2\), each conformal automorphism of \(S\) induces an automorphism of \(JS\) (preserving the polarization) given by the pull-back of forms. In particular, given a (finite) group \(G\) of conformal automorphisms of \(S\), it provides a finite group of automorphisms of \(JS\). Moreover, using the group structure of \(JS\), it induces a homomorphism from the algebra \({\mathbb Q}[G]\) to \(\mathrm{End}_{\mathbb Q}(JS)\), the endomorphisms of \(JS\) with rational coefficients. This homomorphism induces an isogenous decomposition of \(JS\), called the group algebra decomposition, which is invariant under the action of \(G\). If \(N\) is a subgroup of \(G\), then such a decomposition induces a decomposition of \(JS_{N}\), where \(S_{N}\) is the underlying Riemann surface structure of the orbifold \(S/N\). This decomposition has more detailed information than the classical decomposition \(JS \sim JS_{N} \times P(S/N)\), where \(P(S/N)\) (called the Prym variety associated to the brancehed cover \(S \to S/N\)) corresponds to a connected component of the complement of an embedding \(JS_{N} \subset JS\). Assume now that \(N\) is a normal subgroup of \(G\). Then \(H=G/N\) is a group of conformal automorphisms of \(S_{N}\) and it produces an algebra decomposition of \(JS_{N}\). In this paper, the authors prove that such a decomposition lifts to a decomposition of \(JS\) and show that it is related to the algebra decomposition of \(JS\) obtained from \(G\). In particular, they provide examples of which \(JS\) is isogenous to a product of jacobian varieties of lower dimensions.