2-parameter \(\tau\)-function for the first Painlevé equation: topological recursion and direct monodromy problem via exact WKB analysis (Q2191170)

The author studies the Painlevé \(\mathrm I\) equation \[ \hbar^2\frac{d^2q}{dt^2} = 6q^2 +t \] with a formal parameter \(\hbar\) being appropriately introduced. The objective of his work is to try to generalize the relationship between the Painlevé \(\mathrm I\) equation and the topological recursion Ref. 31 in such a way that constructing the \(2\)-parameter solutions, similar to the solution \[ \tau_{P_{\mathrm{VI}}}(t,\theta,\nu,\rho)= \sum_{k\in \mathbb{Z}} e^{2\pi i k \rho} B(t,\theta,\nu + k) \] of the Painlevé \(\mathrm{VI}\) equation obtained in 2012 by Gamayun-Iorgov-Lisovyy is possible. The candidate of such a framework was proposed by Borot-Cynard Ref. 11 in a relationship between the topological recursion and integrable systems. Furthermore a discrete Fourier transform of the partition function similar to the one used in this paper was introduced. The author also reveals the role of the Fourier series structure in the expression of the \(\tau\)-function, and in the WKB analysis of isomonodromy systems.