Anisotropic fast-marching on Cartesian grids using lattice basis reduction

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Abstract: We introduce a modification of the Fast Marching Algorithm, which solves the generalized eikonal equation associated to an arbitrary continuous riemannian metric, on a two or three dimensional domain. The algorithm has a logarithmic complexity in the maximum anisotropy ratio of the riemannian metric, which allows to handle extreme anisotropies for a reduced numerical cost. We prove the consistence of the algorithm, and illustrate its efficiency by numerical experiments. The algorithm relies on the computation at each grid point of a special system of coordinates: a reduced basis of the cartesian grid, with respect to the symmetric positive definite matrix encoding the desired anisotropy at this point.


In order to solve the anisotropic eikonal equation associated to an arbitrary continuous Riemann metric \(\mathcal{M}\) on a two- or three-dimensional domain, the author presents a modification of the fast-marching algorithm, the fast-marching using lattice basis reduction (FM-LBR) algorithm which relies on the computation at each grid point \(z\) of a special system of coordinates: a reduced basis of the lattice \(\mathbb{Z} ^{m}\), with respect to the symmetric positive definite matrix \(\mathcal{M} \left( z\right) \) encoding the desired anisotropy at this point. The algorithm has a complexity \(\mathcal{O}\left( M\ln N+N\ln k\left( \mathcal{M} \right) \right) \), where \(N\) is the discrete domain cardinality and \(k\left( \mathcal{M}\right) \) is the maximum anisotropy ratio. The FM-LBR is consistent for the anisotropic eikonal equation and has a complexity comparable to classical isotropic fast-marching, independently of the problem anisotropy. The accuracy of the FM-LBR is striking in test cases related to tubular segmentation in medical images, where the Riemannian metric has a pronounced anisotropy close to and tangentially to a curve. The convergence of the algorithm is proved and its efficiency is illustrated by numerical experiments.




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