Highest weight theory for finite-dimensional graded algebras with triangular decomposition (Q1644969)

In the paper under review, the authors develop new structures in the representation theory of finite-dimensional \(\mathbb Z\)-graded algebras \(A=\sum_{n\in{\mathbb Z}}A_n\) which admit a triangular decomposition, i.e., a vector space isomorphism \(A^-\otimes T\otimes A^+\to A\) given by the multiplication map, where \(A^-\subseteq \sum_{n\leq 0}A_n\), \(T\subseteq A_0\), \(A^+\subseteq \sum_{n\geq 0}A_n\) are graded subalgebras of \(A\), as the notion was introduced in [\textit{R. R. Holmes} and \textit{D. K. Nakano}, J. Algebra 144, No. 1, 117--126 (1991; Zbl 0749.16024)]. This class of algebras is commonly encountered in algebraic Lie theory and contains important classes of algebras: restricted enveloping algebras, Lusztig small quantum groups at a root of unity, classes of hyperalgebras, finite quantum groups associated to a finite group, classes of restricted rational Cherednik algebras, etc. The representation theory of these algebras has important applications to other areas of mathematics, e.g., to symplectic algebraic geometry, to algebraic combinatorics, and to algebraic groups in positive characteristic. Some of the above examples share a ``common background'', but taken in their totality, the algebras do not have much in common -- except that they all admit a triangular decomposition. On the other hand, their representation theory behaves in a remarkably uniform way. This has motivated the authors to develop a systematic approach to the representation theory of algebras with triangular decomposition. It is known that in the above examples if \(A\) is a finite-dimensional algebra with triangular decomposition, then the category of finite-dimensional modules over \(A\) cannot be a highest weight category. The first main result of the paper shows that the situation is much better if one works in the category \({\mathcal G}(A)\) of graded finite-dimensional modules. In particular, if \(T\) is semisimple, then \({\mathcal G}(A)\) is a highest weight category. This fact has several implications for the representation theory of \(A\). For example, if \(T\) is semisimple and \(A\) is self-injective, then \({\mathcal G}(A)\) has tilting objects in the sense of Ringel. If \(T\) is semisimple then under some natural restrictions \(A\) satisfies the BGG reciprocity in the sense of \textit{I. N. Bernshteĭn} et al. [Funct. Anal. Appl. 10, 87--92 (1976; Zbl 0353.18013); translation from Funkts. Anal. Prilozh. 10, No. 2, 1--8 (1976)]. As a further application of the highest weight structure developed in the paper, the authors consider briefly abstract Kazhdan-Lusztig theories for \({\mathcal G}(A)\), in the sense of \textit{E. Cline} et al. [Tohoku Math. J. (2) 45, No. 4, 511--534 (1993; Zbl 0801.20013)]. (A highest weight category admits an abstract Kazhdan-Lusztig theory if certain Ext-groups vanish. This definition is motivated by Lusztig conjectures, and has several important consequences for the representation theory of the corresponding quasi-hereditary algebra.) The paper under review also lays the foundation on which its sequel [\textit{G. Bellamy} and \textit{U. Thiel}, ``Cores of graded algebras with triangular decomposition'', Preprint, \url{arXiv:1711.00780}] builds. There the tilting object \(A\) of \({\mathcal G}(A)\) for a self-injective algebra \(A\) with triangular decomposition is the protagonist.