On global linearization of planar involutions (Q1928347)

Let \(\phi:\mathbb R^2\to\mathbb R^2\) be an involution. It is known [\textit{H. Cartan}, Sur les groupes de transformations analytiques. (Exposés mathématiques IX.) Actual. scient. et industr. 1935, Nr. 198, 53 p (1935; JFM 61.0370.02)] that if \(\phi\in C^r,~r\geq1\), and \(p\) is its fixed point, then locally around this fixed point, the involution is locally \(C^r\) conjugate to the linear involution \(D\phi(p)\) via the conjugacy \(h:=(I+D\phi(p)\phi)/2\). The authors of the present article provide conditions on the involution \(\phi\) under which \(h\) is a global linearization of \(\phi\). If these conditions are violated, \(h\) may fail to be a global linearization.