Algebraic groups as difference Galois groups of linear differential equations (Q1979314)

Let \(F\) denote a \(\delta\sigma\)-field of characteristic zero, i.e. a field with two commuting operators, a derivation \(\delta\) and an endomorphism \(\sigma\). For such fields it is possible to build the theory of a similar Kolchin's Differential Galois theory. The authors in a number of publications [\textit{A. Bachmayr} et al., Doc. Math. 23, 241--291 (2018; Zbl 1436.12006); Adv. Math. 381, Article ID 107605, 28 p. (2021; Zbl 1461.12003); Trans. Am. Math. Soc. 374, No. 6, 4293--4308 (2021; Zbl 1481.12008)] make contribution to the development of such theory. This paper discusses the converse problem of the \(\sigma\)-Picard-Vessiot theory. In the usual Picard-Vessiot theory, for the field \(\mathbb{C}(x)\) and the linear algebraic group, the converse problem always has a solution [\textit{C. Tretkoff} and \textit{M. Tretkoff}, Am. J. Math. 101, 1327--1332 (1979; Zbl 0423.12021)]. The authors show that not every difference algebraic group occurs as a \(\sigma\)-Galois group of a \(\sigma\)-Picard-Vessiot extension of \(\mathbb{C}(x)\) . But the main result of the paper says that there are still quite a lot of positive occasions. \textbf{Theorem.} \textit{Every linear algebraic group over \(\mathbb{C}\), considered as a difference algebraic group, occurs as a \(\sigma\)-Galois group over} \(\mathbb{C}(x)\).