Long time dynamics for generalized Korteweg-de Vries and Benjamin-Ono equations (Q2043040)

The aim of this paper is to provide an accurate description of the long-time dynamics of the solutions of the generalized Korteweg-de Vries (gKdV) and Benjamin-Ono (gBO) equations on the one-dimensional torus, without external parameters. In particular, the authors prove a long-time stability result in the Sobolev norm: given a large constant \(r\) and a sufficiently small parameter \(\varepsilon\), for generic initial datum \(u(0)\) of size \(\varepsilon\), they control the Sobolev norm of the solution \(u(t)\) for times of order \(\varepsilon{-r}\). These results are obtained by putting the system in rational normal form: the authors conjugate, up to some high-order remainder terms, the vector fields of these equations to integrable ones on large open sets surrounding the origin in high Sobolev regularity. They stress out that their normal form technique allows one to deal, for the first time, with unbounded nonlinearities containing terms of even order. This paper is organized as follows: Section 1 is an introduction to the subject and a description of the results obtained. Section 2 is devoted to the strategy of the proof and to an overview of the technical difficulties. Section 3 deals with the resonant normal form. In this section, given \(r>0\), the authors put their Hamiltonian systems in resonant normal form up to order \(r\). In particular, they compute explicitly the integrable terms of order 4 and partially those of order 6. Furthermore, they expand analytically the remainder terms. Section 4 is devoted to the control of the the small divisors. To deal with the small divisors of the rational normal form process, the authors have to introduce some relevant quantities. Section 5 is devoted to the rational Hamiltonians and their properties. In this section the authors construct and give the principal properties of the classes of rational Hamiltonians that they use in Section 6. Section 6 deals with the rational normal form. This section is devoted to the proof of the main normal form result. Section 7 is devoted to the description of the dynamics. The paper is supported by an appendix on some technical details.