A \(D\)-modules approach on the equations of the Rees algebra (Q2161171)

Determining the defining equations of the Rees algebra is a central problem in Commutative algebra. The first instances where the Rees algebra is not the same as the Symmetric algebras happen when the base ring is a polynomial ring of two variables over a field of characteristic zero and the ideal is codim two, three generated, and homogenous of a same degree. There exist several works studying the structure of the Rees algebra of perfect ideals of height 2 such as [\textit{S. Morey} and \textit{B. Ulrich}, Proc. Am. Math. Soc. 124, No. 12, 3653--3661 (1996; Zbl 0882.13003)]. Still, the answer to determine the structure of the Rees algebra in the first non-trivial case is not easy. The paper under review introduces a translation of the problem in the language of \(\mathcal{D}\)-modules. By now, the method is working in the bove mentioned low-dimensional case. Let \(R=\mathbb{F}[x_1,x_2]\) and \(I=(f_1,f_2,f_3)\) be the given ring and the ideal. \(\mathrm{Sym}(I)=S/(g_1,g_2)\) is a complete intersection of codimension \(2\). Consider the exact sequence \[ 0\to \mathcal{K}\to \mathrm{Sym}(I)\to \mathrm{Rees}(I)\to 0. \] It then follows that \(\mathcal{K}\simeq H^0_{m}(\mathrm{Sym}(I))\). Looking at the local cohomology exact sequence the author shows \[ \mathcal{K}\simeq\{w\in H^2_m(S)(-2,-d)|g_1\cdot w=0~ and~ g_2\cdot w=0\}. \] The question then turns to the theory of \(\mathcal{D}\)-modules due to the structure of local cohomology modules as finitely generated \(\mathcal{D}\)-modules. In Theorem 3.11 the above equality is stated in terms of the solution of a system of differential operators. Theorem 4.11 determines the relation between the bi-graded structure of \(\mathcal{K}\) and the integer roots of a \(b\)-fuction.