Global hypoellipticity and global solvability for vector fields on compact Lie groups (Q2215819)

In this article the authors deal with global hypoellipticity and global solvability of a class of vector fields defined on products of compact Lie groups. When the vector fields have constant coefficients, conditions that are both necessary and sufficient are established for them to be globally hypoelliptic or globally solvable. As far as vector fields with variable coefficients are concerned, the authors consider vector fields of the form \( L_a=X_1+a(x_1)X_2, x_j\in G_j,\) where \(G_j\) is a compact Lie group, \(X_j\) is in its Lie algebra \(\mathfrak g_j\), \(j=1,2\), and \(a\in C^\infty(G_1;\mathbb R)\). It is assumed that \(X_1\) is \(C^\infty\)-cohomology free, that is, for each \(f\in C^\infty(G_1)\) there exist \(c(f)\in \mathbb C\) and \(A\in C^\infty(G_1)\) such that \(L_aA=f-c(f)\). It is shown that \(L_a\) is globally hypoelliptic (solvable) if and only if the constant coefficient vector field \(L_{a_0}\) is globally hypoelliptic (solvable), where \(a_0=\int_{G_1}a(x_1)\,dx_1\) is the average of \(a\). They also study zero-order term perturbations of such vector fields, \(L_{aq}=L_a+q\), where \(q\in C^\infty(G_1\times G_2)\). Assuming that \(L_a\) is \(C^\infty\)-cohomology free it is proved that \(L_{aq}\) is globally hypoelliptic (solvable) if and only if \(L_{a_0q_0}\) is globally hypoelliptic (solvable), where \(q_0\) is the average of \(q\). Some results concerning weaker versions of global hypoellipticity are also presented.