The Bishop-Phelps-Bollobás theorem for operators from \(\ell_1\) sums of Banach spaces (Q2348506)

This paper introduces the generalized approximate hyperplane series property for a pair of Banach spaces. This allows to identify a large collection of pairs of spaces with the Bishop-Phelps-Bollobás property (BPBp). {Definition} (cf. Definition 4). A pair of Banach spaces \((X,Y)\) is said to have the generalized approximate hyperplane series property (generalized AHSP) if for every \(\epsilon>0\) there exists \(0<\eta(\epsilon) <\epsilon\) such that given sequences \(\{T_k\}\) in \(S_{\mathcal{L}(X,Y)}\) and \(\{x_k\}\) in \(S_X\), and a convex series \(\sum_{k=1}^{\infty} \alpha_k\) such that \[ \|\sum_{k=1}^{\infty} \alpha_k T_k x_k \|>1-\eta (\epsilon), \] there exist a subset \(A \subset \mathbb{N}\), \(y^* \in S_{Y^*}\) and sequences \(\{S_k\}\) in \(S_{\mathcal{L}(X,Y)}\) and \(\{z_k\}\) in \(S_X\) satisfying the following: {\parindent=6mm \begin{itemize} \item[(1)] \(\sum_{k\in A} \, \alpha_k >1-\epsilon,\) \item [(2)] \(\|z_k -x_k\|<\epsilon\) and \(\|S_k-T_k\|<\epsilon\) for all \(k \in A\), \item [(3)] \(y^*(S_k z_k)=1\) for every \(k \in A\). \end{itemize}} Theorem (cf. Theorem 6). Let \(X\) and \(Y\) be Banach spaces. Then the following conditions are equivalent: {\parindent=6mm \begin{itemize} \item[(1)] The pair \((X,Y)\) has the generalized AHSP. \item [(2)] The pair \((\ell_1(X),Y)\) has the BPBp. \item [(3)] There exists a function \(\eta: (0,1)\rightarrow (0, \infty)\) such that \((\ell^n_1(X),Y)\) has the BPBp relative to the function \(\eta\), and for every \(n\). \end{itemize}} From this characterization the authors describe a variety of examples of pairs \((X,Y)\) such that \((\ell_1(X),Y)\) has the BPBp. {\parindent=6mm \begin{itemize} \item[(1)] \(X\) and \(Y\) finite dimensional, \item [(2)] \(X\) a Banach space, \(Y\) a Hilbert space and \((X,Y)\) with the BPBp, \item [(3)] \(X= C(K)\) with \(K\) a compact Hausdorff topological space and \(Y\) a Hilbert space, \item [(4)] \(X\) an Asplund space and \(Y\) a uniform algebra, \item [(5)] \(X\) an Asplund space and \(Y=C_0(K)\) with \(K\) a locally compact Hausdorff topological space. \end{itemize}} The authors propose some interesting open questions including the following one: Let \(X\) and \(Y\) be Banach spaces. Suppose \((X,Y)\) and \((\ell_1,Y)\) have the BPBp. Does \((\ell_1(X),Y)\) have the BPBp?