The \(\text{GL}_2\) main conjecture for elliptic curves without complex multiplication (Q2388280)

The goal of the present paper is to develop algebraic techniques in order to formulate a precise ``Iwasawa Main Conjecture'' for motives over a large class of \(p\)-adic Lie extensions of number fields. More precisely, let \(G\) be a compact \(p\)-adic Lie group with no element of order \(p\), and \(\Lambda(G)\) the Iwasawa algebra of \(G.\) The first task is to attach to any \(\Lambda(G)\)-finitely generated torsion module \(M\) a characteristic element, analogous to the characteristic power series in commutative Iwasawa theory, which can be related to the Euler characteristics of \(M\) and its twists. In the noncommutative case, under the assumption that \(G\) is \(p\)-valued, a general algebraic structure theorem was proved in [\textit{J. H. Coates, P. Schneider} and \textit{R. Sujatha}, J. Inst. Math. Jussieu 2, No. 1, 73--108 (2003; Zbl 1061.11060)], but it puts into play reflexive left ideals of \(\Lambda(G)\) which need not be principal and pseudo-null modules whose Euler characteristics need not be trivial. Hence the approach of the commutative case to define characteristic elements seems to break down irretrievably in the noncommutative case. The alternative approach proposed here, inspired by [\textit{O. Venjakob}, J. Reine Angew. Math. 559, 153--191 (2003; Zbl 1051.11056)], rests on localization techniques for an important class of \(G,\) namely those \(G\) which contain a closed normal subgroup \(H\) such that \(G/H\simeq{\mathbb Z}_p\). Then \(\Lambda(G)\) admits a canonical Ore set \(S\), which make it possible to define the localized algebra \(\Lambda(G)_S\). Write \({\mathcal M}_H(G)\) for the category consisting of all finitely generated \(\Lambda(G)\)-modules annihilated by \(S\). The authors ``optimistically believe'' that \({\mathcal M}_H(G)\) contains all the \(\Lambda(G)\)-torsion modules which are of interest in arithmetic applications. For any \(M\) in \({\mathcal M}_H(G),\) they exploit the localization sequence of \(K\)-theory for the Ore set \(S\) to define a characteristic element \(\xi_M\in K_1(\Lambda(G)_S)\) as a pre-image of \([M]\in K_0({\mathcal M}_H(G))\) by the connecting map \(\partial_G\colon K_1(\Lambda(G)_S)\to K_0({\mathcal M}_H(G))\). The hypothesis that \(G\) contains no element of order \(p\) implies the surjectivity of \(\partial_G\), and this makes it possible to deal with modules rather than complexes (as e.g. in the work of Burns and Flach). The characteristic element \(\xi_M\) can be related, via the so-called Akashi series of \(M\) [\textit{J. H. Coates, P. Schneider} and \textit{R. Sujatha}, Doc. Math., J. DMV Extra Vol., 187--215 (2003; Zbl 1142.11366)], to the Euler characteristics of twists of \(M\) by arbitrary continuous representations of \(G\) with values in \(\text{GL}_n({\mathcal O})\), where \({\mathcal O}\) is the ring of integers of a finite extension of \({\mathbb Q}_p\). The paper ends by formulating and briefly discussing the Main Conjecture for an elliptic curve \(E\) over \({\mathbb Q}\) over the field generated by the \(p\)-power division points of \(E\), \(p\) being a prime \(\geq 5\) of good ordinary reduction for E. Although some numerical evidence is given in support of this Main Conjecture, the authors admit that further progress would require new results about the special values of complex \(L\)-functions attached to the motives under study, probably via the theory of automorphic forms. Note that a paper by \textit{T. Fukaya} and \textit{K. Kato} [in Proceedings of the St. Petersburg Mathematical Society. Vol. XII, Transl., Ser. 2, Am. Math. Soc. 219, 1--86 (2006)] will study quite generally (i.e. without the restrictions imposed here on \(G\)) the Iwasawa theory of motives over arbitrary \(p\)-adic Lie extensions of number fields and its connexion with the so-called Tamagawa number conjecture.