Extremal solutions for measure differential inclusions via Stieltjes derivatives (Q2424366)

The paper deals with with \(g\)-differential inclusions of the form \[ x'_g(t)\in F(t,x(t)),\quad x(0)=0, \] where \(x'_g\) is the derivative of \(x\) with respect to a nondecreasing left-continuous function \(g\), or equivalently with measure differential inclusions of the form \[ {\mathrm d}x(t)\in F(t,x(t))\,{\mathrm d}\mu,\quad x(0)=0, \] where \(\mu\) is the Lebesgue-Stieltjes measure generated by \(g\). The right-hand side \(F\) is assumed to be a continuous multifunction defined on \([0,1]\times\mathbb R^n\), whose values are nonempty compact convex subsets of \(\mathbb R^n\). The main result provides a sufficient condition on \(F\) (involving its behavior at the values of \(t\) corresponding to the atoms of \(\mu\)) for the existence of an extremal solution, that is, a solution of the inclusion \[ x'_g(t)\in \operatorname{ext}F(t,x(t)),\quad x(0)=0. \] The proof is based on a clever Baire category method inspired by \textit{A. Bressan} [J. Differ. Equations 255, No. 8, 2392--2399 (2013; Zbl 1287.34007)], which deals with ordinary differential inclusions. Finally, using the Krein-Milman theorem, the result is extended to the case when the values of \(F\) are compact but not necessarily convex (this result is new even for ordinary differential inclusions).