Counterexamples of Kodaira vanishing for smooth surfaces of general type in positive characteristic (Q2627973)

Vanishing theorems for positive line bundles play a crucial role in modern algebraic geometry. Since the work of \textit{M. Raynaud} [Res. Stud. Math. 8, 273--278 (1978; Zbl 0441.14006)], it has been clear that the Kodaira vanishing theorem for ample line bundles does not hold for smooth varieties over fields of positive characteristic. \newline In the paper under review, the author corrects a mistake in [\textit{Y. Takayama}, J. Pure Appl Algebra 214, No. 7, 1110--1120 (2010; Zbl 1193.14049)] which generalizes the construction of Raynaud and he finds new examples of smooth surfaces of general type fibered over a curve \(f : X \rightarrow C\) over a field of characteristic \(p>0\) violating Kodaira vanishing. These surfaces violates other positivity properties which hold for varieties over fields of characteristic zero: the semipositivity of the direct image of the relative canonical bundle (computing that in his example \(f_* \omega_{X/C}\) is not nef) and Kollár's vanishing theorem (showing \(H^1(C, f_*\omega_X \otimes A) \neq 0\) for some ample line bundle \(A\) on \(C\)). Further pathologies on \(X\) are the existence of non-trivial vector fields and of global \(1\)-forms which are not closed. \newline In the last section, the author proves two complementary results on the geometry of surfaces in positive characteristic. He shows that Kodaira vanishing holds for the square of an ample line bundle on a surface \(X\) which is not of general type. He then proves that given a surface \(X\) violating Kodaira vanishing there exists a natural rational map \(f : X \dashrightarrow C\) where the general fibre is not smooth and \(C\) is a Tango curve.