On characterized subgroups of compact abelian groups (Q386864)

A subgroup \(H\) of a topological abelian group \(X\) is called characterized if there exists a sequence \(\mathfrak{u}=\{u_n\}\) of characters of \(X\) such that \(H=s_{\mathfrak{u}}(X)\), where \(s_{\mathfrak{u}}(X):=\{x\in X| (u_n,x)\to 0 \text{ in } \mathbb{T}\}\) and \(\mathbb T\) is the group of reals modulo \(\mathbb Z\). The interest in the study of characterized groups is motivated by applications to Diophantine approximation, dynamical systems and ergodic theory. The authors study the following general problem: Describe the characterized subgroups of a compact abelian group. It is known that every characterized subgroup of a topological abelian group is an \(F_{\sigma\delta}\)-subgroup (see [\textit{W. Comfort} et al., Appl. Gen. Topol. 7, No. 1, 109--124 (2006; Zbl 1135.22004); Fundam. Math. 143, No. 2, 119--136 (1993; Zbl 0812.22001)]). In the paper under review other Borel classes of subgroups are considered. It is proved that: (i) every \(G_\delta\)-subgroup of a compact abelian group is a closed characterized subgroup; (ii) in a compact abelian group of finite exponent every characterized subgroup is an \(F_\sigma\)-subgroup; (iii) every infinite compact abelian group has a non-characterized \(F_\sigma\)-subgroup. Let \(X\) be an infinite abelian group, \(\mathfrak{u}=(u_n)\) be a sequence of characters of \(X\) and \(H\) a subgroup. A criterion under which \(H=s_{\mathfrak{u}}(X)\) is given.