Maximal regularity for non-autonomous equations with measurable dependence on time (Q525075)

The authors study \[ u^{\prime}(t) +A(t) u(t) = f(t), t \in (0, T), u(0) = x \] \noindent where \(A(t)_{t \in (0,T)}\) are closed operators on a Banach space \(X_0\), and have constant domain \(D(A(t)) = X_1\), where \(X_1\) is densely embedded in \(X_0\). This is usually assumed as condition A, \(A(t)\in \mathcal{L}(X_1, X_0)\) is assumed to be such that for all \(x \in X_1, t \mapsto A(t)x\) is strongly measurable, and there is a constant \(C>0\) such that \[ C^{-1} || x||_{X_1} \leq ||x||_{X_1} + || A(t)x ||_{X_0} \leq C || x ||_{X_1}. \] Maximal regularity means there is a solution \(u \in W^1_p((0,T); X_0) \cap L^p((0,T); X_0))\) for every initial function \(f \in L_p((0, T; X_0)\) when \(x = 0\). The authors also study maximal regularity for weighted \(L^p\) spaces with weights \(v \in A_p\), and use the Rubio de Francia extrapolation theorem to get weighted results for all \(p\), but I won't detail the specific results referring those interested to the paper. Perturbation arguments are used to prove maximal regularity when the coefficients of the operators are piecewise continuous; their approach is based on \(L^p\) boundedness of some vector-valued singular integrals of nonconvolution type. I will state the Hilbert space version of their main result (Theorem 4.9 gives the result in full generality involving weighted \(L^p\) spaces on Banach spaces). We have the conditions above, but \(X_0\) is a Hilbert space and condition A above holds. Suppose there is an operator \(A_0\) on \(X_0\) with \(D(A_0) = X_1\), which generates a contractive analytic semigroup \(e^{-zA_0}, z\) in a subdomain of the complex plane, such that \((A(t) - A_0)_{t \in (0, \tau)}\) generates an evolution system \((T(t, s))_{0 \leq s \leq t \leq \tau}\) on \(X_0\), which commutes with \(e^{-rA_0}, r \geq 0\), \[ e^{-rA_0}T(t, s) = T(t, s) e^{-rA_0}, 0 \leq s \leq t \leq \tau, r \geq 0. \] \noindent Then \(A\) has maximal \(L^p\) regularity for every \(p \in (1, \infty)\), and initial value \( x\) in the intermediate space \( (X_0, X_1)_{1 - \frac{1}{p}, p}\) satisfying estimates of the expected type, \[ || u ||_{L^p(0, \tau; X_1)} + || u ||_{W^{1, p}(0, \tau; X_1)} + || u ||_{C(0, \tau; (X_0, X_1)_{1 - \frac{1}{p}, p} } \] \[ \leq C || f ||_{L^p(0, \tau; X_1)} + C || x||_{ (X_0, X_1)_{1 - \frac{1}{p}, p} }. \] \noindent They remark that the condition on \((A(t) - A_0)_{t \in (0, \tau)}\) can be thought of as an abstract ellipticity condition. One application is the use of perturbation theory to give an existence and continuous dependence on initial data result for a quasilinear second order parabolic equation.