On tamed almost complex four-manifolds (Q6039130)

Let \((M,J)\) be a closed almost complex \(4\)-manifold, let \(H^2(M,\mathbb R)\) be the real degree \(2\) de Rham cohomology group of \(M\) and let \(H^+_J\), \(H^-_J\) be the subgroups of cohomology classes represented by \(J\)-invariant and \(J\)-anti-invariant real \(2\)-forms. Let \(h^+_J\) and \(h^-_J\) be the dimensions of \(H^+_J\) and \(H^-_J\). Let \(b^1\) be the first Betti number and \(b^+\) the number of positive eigenvalues of the quadratic form on \(H^2(M,\mathbb R)\) defined by the cup product. It is known that a necessary condition for the existence of almost complex structures on a closed \(4\)-manifold is that \(1-b^1+b^+\) be even. The Kodaira conjecture, proved by \textit{N. Buchdahl} [Ann. Inst. Fourier 49, No. 1, 287--302 (1999; Zbl 0926.32025)] and \textit{A. Lamari} [Ann. Inst. Fourier 49, No. 1, 263--285 (1999; Zbl 0926.32026)], states that any closed complex surface with \(b^1\) even is Kähler. The main result of this paper gives an affirmative answer to a question posed by \textit{S. K. Donaldson} [Nankai Tracts Math. 11, 153--172 (2006; Zbl 1140.58018)] and related to the Kodaira conjecture in symplectic version. Indeed the main theorem states that given a closed symplectic \(4\)-manifold \((M,\omega)\), if \(J\) is an \(\omega \)-tame almost complex structure on \(M\) and \(h^-_J=b^+-1\), then there exists a new symplectic form \(\Omega\) on \(M\) compatible with \(J\) (that is \(\Omega(J\cdot,J\cdot)=\Omega(\cdot,\cdot)\) and \(\Omega(\cdot,J\cdot)>0\)). Note that if \(b^+=1\) then \(h^-_J=0=b^+-1\). As an application, the authors obtain that for \((M,J,\omega)\) closed, almost complex 4-manifold, with taming form \(\omega\), if \(b^+=1\) then there exists a new symplectic form \(\Omega\) compatible with \(J\) and cohomologous to \(\omega\).