Homotopy Rota-Baxter operators and post-Lie algebras (Q6039635)

Rota-Baxter associative algebras originated from the probability study of \textit{G. Baxter} [Pac. J. Math. 10, 731--742 (1960; Zbl 0095.12705)], finding applications in the Connes-Kreimer algebraic approach to renormalization of quantum field theory [\textit{Ö. Ceyhan} and \textit{M. Marcolli}, Adv. Theor. Math. Phys. 18, No. 2, 469--511 (2014; Zbl 1309.81095); \textit{A. Connes} and \textit{D. Kreimer}, Commun. Math. Phys. 210, No. 1, 249--273 (2000; Zbl 1032.81026); \textit{L. Guo}, An introduction to Rota-Baxter algebra. Somerville, MA: International Press; Beijing: Higher Education (2012; Zbl 1271.16001); \textit{M. Marcolli} and \textit{X. Ni}, J. Singul. 15, 80--117 (2014; Zbl 1346.81047)], where Rota-Baxter algebra is the target of the regularization in the fundamental algebraic Birkhoff factorization for regularization maps in the Connes-Kreimer approach. A Rota-Baxter operator on a Lie algebra is naturally the operator form of a classical \(r\)-matrix [\textit{A. Connes} and \textit{H. Moscovici}, Ann. Math. (2) 115, 291--330 (1982; Zbl 0515.58031)] under certain conditions. To better understand such connection with the classical Yang-Baxter equation and the related integrable systems, the notion of an \(\mathcal{O}\)-operator\ on a Lie algebra was introduced [\textit{M. Bordemann}, Commun. Math. Phys. 135, No. 1, 201--216 (1990; Zbl 0714.58025); \textit{B. A. Kupershmidt}, J. Nonlinear Math. Phys. 6, No. 4, 448--488 (1999; Zbl 1015.17015)]. An \(\mathcal{O}\)-operator naturally gives rise to a pre-Lie or more generally a post-Lie algebra, finding broad applications in mathematics and mathematical physics [\textit{C. Bai}, J. Noncommut. Geom. 4, No. 4, 475--530 (2010; Zbl 1250.17028); \textit{C. Bai} et al., Commun. Math. Phys. 297, No. 2, 553--596 (2010; Zbl 1206.17020); \textit{F. Chapoton} and \textit{M. Livernet}, Int. Math. Res. Not. 2001, No. 8, 395--408 (2001; Zbl 1053.17001); \textit{K. Uchino}, J. Noncommut. Geom. 4, No. 3, 349--379 (2010; Zbl 1248.16027); \textit{B. Vallette}, J. Pure Appl. Algebra 208, No. 2, 699--725 (2007; Zbl 1109.18002)]. This paper carries out a homotopy study of Rota-Baxter operators, \(\mathcal{O}\)-operators, and the related pre-Lie and post-Lie algebras.The synopsis of the paper goes as follows. \begin{itemize} \item[\S 2] introduces the notion of a homotopy \(\mathcal{O}\)-operator of weight \(\lambda\)\ with a constant \(\lambda\). The authors construct a dgLa, showing that homotopy \(\mathcal{O}\)-operators of weight \(\lambda\) are to be characterized as its Maurer-Cartan elements (Theorem 2.16). \item[\S 3] obtains a variation of the homotopy post-Lie algebra, called the \textit{operator homotopy post-Lie algebra}, by applying a homotopy \(\mathcal{O}\)-operator to a symmetric graded Lie algebras (sgLa). When the weight of the \(\mathcal{O}\)-operator is taken to be zero, homotopy \(\mathcal{O}\)-operators of weight zero are obtained, naturally deriving pre-Lie\(_{\infty}\) algebras, which yield the commutative diagram \[ \begin{array} [c]{ccc} \mathcal{O}\text{-operators} & \overset{\text{homotopy}}{\rightarrow} & \text{homotopy }\mathcal{O}\text{-operators}\\ \downarrow & & \downarrow\\ \text{pre-Lie} & \underset{\text{homotopy}}{\rightarrow} & \text{pre-Lie} _{\infty} \end{array} \] Post-Lie algebra structures on any given Lie algebra are characterized using Maurer-Cartan elements in a suitable dgLa (Corollary 3.7). \item[\S 4] first considers the cohomology theory of post-Lie algebras. The cohomology groups in the abelian case of pre-Lie algebras were first defined in [Zbl 0938.17002] by derived functors and then in [\textit{J. Millès}, Adv. Math. 226, No. 6, 5120--5164 (2011; Zbl 1218.18007)] by resolutions of algebras from the operadic Koszul duality theory. The authors establish a cohomology theory of post-Lie algebras which specializes to the above cohomology theory of pre-Lie algebras. The third cohomology group of a post-Lie algebra is applied in \S 4.3 to classify \(2\)-term skeletal operator homotopy post-Lie algebras. \end{itemize}