Derived equivalences of hyperkähler varieties (Q6088198)

In this paper, the author uses the Looijenga-Lunts-Verbitsky (LLV) Lie algebra to construct isomorphisms of \(\mathbb{Q}\)-Hodge structures for derived equivalent irreducible holomorphic symplectic varieties and to study the image of the group of auto-equivalences on the cohomology of Hilbert squares of \(K3\) surfaces. We denote by \(\mathfrak{g}(X)\) the LLV Lie algebra of a smooth projective complex variety \(X\). Let \(X_1\) and \(X_2\) be holomorphic symplectic varieties, let \(\Phi\colon \mathcal{D}X_1 \to \mathcal{D}X_2\) be an equivalence of bounded derived categories of coherent sheaves and denote by \(\Phi^H\colon H(X_1,\mathbb{Q}) \to H(X_2,\mathbb{Q})\) the corresponding isomorphism of total cohomologies. The first main result of this paper is that there exists a canonical isomorphism of rational Lie algebras \(\Phi^{\mathfrak{g}}\colon \mathfrak{g}(X_1) \to \mathfrak{g}(X_2)\) with the property that the map \(\Phi^H\colon H(X_1,\mathbb{Q}) \to H(X_2,\mathbb{Q})\) is equivariant with respect to \(\Phi^{\mathfrak{g}}\). The proof of this theorem relies on the construction of a Lie algebra \(\mathfrak{g}'(X)\). This is defined in the same way as \(\mathfrak{g}(X)\), but the action of the Hochschild cohomology group \(HH^2(X)\) on the Hochschild homology \(HH_\bullet (X)\) is used instead of the action of \(H^2(X,\mathbb{Q})\) on \(H(X,\mathbb{Q})\) as it is derived invariant. It is then shown that \(\mathfrak{g}(X)\otimes_{\mathbb{Q}} \mathbb{C}\cong \mathfrak{g}'(X)\). Let \(SH(X,\mathbb{Q})\) denote the subalgebra of \(H(X,\mathbb{Q})\) generated by \(H^2(X,\mathbb{Q})\). The author then shows that if \(X_1\) and \(X_2\) above are actually irreducible holomorphic symplectic, then \(\Phi^H\) restricts to an isomorphism \(\Phi^{SH}\colon SH(X_1,\mathbb{Q}) \to SH(X_2,\mathbb{Q})\). Moreover, for every \(i\), the \(\mathbb{Q}\)-Hodge structures \(H^i(X_1,\mathbb{Q})\) and \(H^i(X_2,\mathbb{Q})\) are isomorphic. Now, consider the representation \( \rho_X\colon \textrm{Aut}(\mathcal{D}(X)) \to \textrm{GL}(H(X,\mathbb{Q}))\), given by \(\Phi\mapsto \Phi^H. \) Taking \(X=X_1=X_2\) in the above yields a homomorphism \( \rho_X^{SH}\colon \textrm{Aut}(\mathcal{D}(X)) \to \textrm{GL}(SH(X,\mathbb{Q})). \) The author defines a Mukai lattice \(\tilde{H}(X,\mathbb{Q})= \mathbb{Q}\alpha\oplus H^2(X,\mathbb{Q})\oplus \mathbb{Q}\beta\) extending the Beauville-Bogomolov form and proves that if \(X\) is an irreducible holomorphic symplectic variety of dimension \(2d\), where either the second Betti number of \(X\) is odd or \(d\) is odd, then \(\rho_X^{SH}\) factors over a map \( \rho_X^{\tilde{H}}\colon \textrm{Aut}(\mathcal{D}(X)) \longrightarrow \textrm{GL}(\tilde{H}(X,\mathbb{Q})). \) Let \(\Lambda\subset \tilde{H}(X,\mathbb{Q})\) be a specific integral lattice and let \(O^+(\Lambda)\subset O(\Lambda)\) be the subgroup of Hodge isometries which respect the orientation of a positive 4-plane in \(\Lambda_{\mathbb{R}}\). The author shows that if \(X\) is an irreducible holomorphic symplectic variety deformation equivalent to a Hilbert square of a \(K3\) surface, then \(O^+(\Lambda)\subset \textrm{DMon}(X) \subset O(\Lambda)\), where \(\textrm{DMon}(X)\) is the derived monodromy group of \(X\). Finally, let \(\textrm{Aut}(X)\) denote the subgroup of \(O(\Lambda)\) which respects the Hodge structure on \(\tilde{H}(X,\mathbb{Q})\) and let \(\textrm{Aut}^+(X) := \textrm{Aut}(X) \cap O^+(\Lambda)\). The author shows that if \(X\) is the Hilbert square of a \(K3\) surface and if \(NS(X)\) contains a hyperbolic plane, then \(\textrm{Aut}^+(X)\subset \textrm{im}(\rho_X) \subset \textrm{Aut}(X)\).