Solutions with sign information for noncoercive double phase equations (Q6089372)

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scientific article; zbMATH DE number 7767321
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Solutions with sign information for noncoercive double phase equations
scientific article; zbMATH DE number 7767321

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    Solutions with sign information for noncoercive double phase equations (English)
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    17 November 2023
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    Let \(\Omega \subseteq \mathbb{R}^N\) be a bounded domain with a Lipschitz boundary \(\partial \Omega\). The authors discuss a parametric double phase Dirichlet problem of the form \[ \begin{cases} \Delta_{p}^{a} u(z)-\Delta_{q} u(z)=\lambda g(z,u(z))+f(z,u(z)) \quad\text{in } \Omega, \\ u \big|_{\partial \Omega} =0, \quad 1<q<p<N, \quad \lambda>0. \end{cases} \] Given \(a \in L^\infty(\Omega)\setminus\{0\}\) with \(a(z)\geq 0\) for a.a. \(z \in \Omega\), by \(\Delta_{p}^a\) one means the weighted \(p\)-Laplacian given as \(\Delta_{p}^a u= \mbox{div }(a(z)|\nabla u|^{p-2}\nabla u)\). So, the principal equation is governed by the sum of such a weighted \(p\)-Laplacian and of a \(q\)-Laplacian (no weight, that is \(a \equiv 1\)). Namely, the authors deal with a double phase problem, and assume that the density function for the corresponding energy functional exhibits unbalanced growth. We note that in the reaction there is the competing effect of a parametric term \(\lambda g(z,y)\) which is \((p -1)\)-sublinear as \(y\) goes to infinity (concave term) and a perturbation term \(f(z,y)\) which is \((q-1)\)-linear as \(y\) goes to infinity, being above the principal eigenvalue of the Dirichlet differential operator \(\Delta_{p}^{a}\), hence the problem is noncoercive. Imposing suitable hypotheses on the exponents, on the parametric term and on the perturbation term, then the authors obtain (for all small values of the parameter) the existence of at least three nontrivial bounded solutions with sign information and ordered. The developed approach is based on variational tools, truncation and comparison techniques and critical groups.
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    \((p,q)\)-Laplacian
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    Dirichlet problem
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    existence
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