Spectral transformation associated with a perturbed \(R_I\) type recurrence relation (Q6174625)

It is very well known that Orthogonal Polynomials on the Real Line (OPRL) satisfy a three-term recurrence relation that characterizes them. The study of perturbations of the coefficients of this recurrence relation has been considered by several authors from different points of view such as the so-called co-recursive case, adding a constant to the first coefficient, or the general case perturbing the coefficients at any level. The fact of constructing new sequences by modifying the original ones is a powerful tool with many applications to theoretical and physical problems. In this paper, the authors study properties of OPRL that satisfy a three-term recurrence relation with new coefficients obtained by modifying the original ones in a general way. They analyze structural relations between the perturbed polynomials and the original ones via two methods: the classical matrix method and the transfer matrix method. It is demonstrated that the transfer matrix method is computationally more efficient than the classical method for obtaining perturbed polynomials. The authors also investigate the behavior of zeros of OPRL and their modified version. Unlike OPRL, a sequence of monic Orthogonal Polynomials on the Unit Circle (OPUC) satisfies a first-order recurrence relation involving the so-called reciprocal polynomial. The coefficients of this recurrence relation, the values of the polynomials at zero, lie on the unit disk, are called reflection coefficients, Schur parameters, or Verblunsky coefficients and determine completely the OPUC sequence. This fact motivated several authors to study polynomials associated with perturbations of Schur parameters. In the paper under review, the authors also analyze the effects of co-recursion and co-dilation in the sequences of OPUC, in its reflection coefficients as well as in the corresponding orthogonality measures. Finally, the authors illustrate the preceding results with some examples.