Norm and almost everywhere convergence and divergence of matrix transform means of Walsh-Fourier series (Q6929946)

In this paper, the authors investigate convergence and divergence properties of the matrix transform means of Walsh-Fourier series. The authors establish sufficient conditions for norm convergence in \(L^1(G)\) as well as almost everywhere convergence considering subsequences of general matrix-based \(T\)-means. The convergence is proved if the sum of squares of the matrix coefficients is essentially of order \(1/n\). The results proved here do not depend on monotonicity assumptions on the defining sequences of matrix \(T\), which distinguishes this work from much of the earlier literature. Some examples are also constructed, demonstrating divergence in norm. Inspired by Zalcwasser's problem for trigonometric series [\textit{Z. Zalcwasser}, Stud. Math. 6, 82--88 (1936; Zbl 0015.25504)], divergence theorems are also provided for the Walsh-Fourier series. By constructing counterexamples, the authors show integrable functions and subsequences of Walsh-Fourier partial sums for which the associated matrix means diverge almost everywhere. Their construction does not fully resolve this problem in the context of Walsh. In the end, two open problems, whether excessive growth of the quadratic sum of coefficients necessarily forces divergence in \(L^1\) for some function and the guarantee of convergence under the same condition, are also raised.