Poisson and Hochschild cohomology and the semiclassical limit (Q893791)

Let \(k\) be a field of characteristic zero and let \(q\) be an element that is transcendental over \(k\). Moreover, let \(k[q^{\pm 1}]\) denote the ring of Laurent polynomials in \(q\) and let \(k(q)\) denote its field of fractions. If \(\mathcal{A}\) is an associative \(k[q^{\pm 1}]\)-algebra which is torsion-free as a \(k[q^{\pm 1}]\)-module such that \(A=\mathcal{A}/(q-1)\mathcal{A}\) is commutative, then \(A\) is a Poisson algebra with bracket \(\{\overline{a},\overline{b}\}=\overline{\beta(a,b)}\), where \(\overline{u}\in A\) denotes the image of \(u\in\mathcal{A}\) and \(\beta(a,b)\) denotes the unique element of \(\mathcal{A}\) such that \(ab-ba=(q-1)\beta(a,b)\). The Poisson algebra \(A\) is called the classical limit of \(\mathcal{A}\). An associative \(k(q)\)-algebra \(\mathsf{R}\) is said to be a \(q\)-deformation of an associative \(k\)-algebra \(R\) via the \(k[q^{\pm 1}]\)-form \(\mathcal{R}\) if \(\mathcal{R}/(q-1)\mathcal{R}\) is isomorphic to \(R\) as a \(k\)-algebra. (Here the \(k[q^{\pm 1}]\)-form \(\mathcal{R}\) is a \(k[q^{\pm 1}]\)-subalgebra of \(\mathsf{R}\) such that the natural map \(\mathcal{R}\otimes_{k [q^{\pm 1}]}k(q)\to\mathsf{R}\) is an isomorphism of \(k(q)\)-algebras.) A similar definition can be formulated for differential graded algebras. One main result of the paper says that the enveloping algebra \(\mathsf{A}^e=\mathsf{A} \otimes_{k(q)}\mathsf{A}^{\mathrm{op}}\) of an associative graded \(k(q)\)-algebra \(\mathsf{A}\) with a PBW basis and semiclassical limit \(A\) is a \(q\)-deformation of the Poisson enveloping algebra of \(A\). More precisely, suppose that \(\mathcal{A}\) is a \(k[q^{\pm 1}]\)-form of a graded \(k(q)\)-algebra \(\mathsf{A}\) and \(\mathcal{A}\) has a semiclassical limit \(A\). If \(\mathsf{x}_1\), \dots, \(\mathsf{x}_n\) is a homogeneous generating set for \(\mathsf{A}\) and \(A=k[\overline{\mathsf{x}_1},\dots,\overline{ \mathsf{x}_n}]\), then there exists a suitable \(k[q^{\pm 1}]\)-subalgebra \(\mathcal{ A}^\prime\) of \(\mathsf{A}^e\) and a natural epimorphism \(P(A)\to\mathcal{A}^\prime/ (q-1)\mathcal{A}^\prime\) of graded \(k\)-algebras. Furthermore, if \(\{\mathsf{x}_1^{a_1} \cdots\mathsf{x}_n^{a_n}\mid a_1, \dots, a_n\text{ are non-negative integers}\}\) is a basis of \(\mathsf{A}\), then the above map is bijective and \(\mathsf{A}^e\) is a \(q\)-deformation of \(P(A)\) via the \(k[q^{\pm 1}]\)-form \(\mathcal{A}^\prime\). Assume in addition that \(\mathsf{A}\) is a Koszul \(k(q)\)-algebra. Then it is shown that the Hochschild cohomology \(\mathrm{HH}^*(\mathsf{A})\) of \(\mathsf{A}\) is isomorphic to the cohomology of the differential graded algebra \(\mathsf{A}\otimes_k\mathsf{A}^!\), where \(\mathsf{A}^!\) denotes the Koszul dual of \(\mathsf{A}\). Similarly, the Poisson enveloping algebra of \(A\) is a Koszul algebra, the Poisson cohomology \(\mathrm{HP}^*(A)\) of \(A\) is isomorphic to the cohomology of the differential graded algebra \(A\otimes_k A^!\), and the differential graded algebra \(\mathsf{A}\otimes_k\mathsf{A}^!\) is a \(q\)-deformation of the differential graded algebra \(A\otimes_k A^!\). As a consequence, if the cohomology of a certain differential graded algebra has no \((q-1\))-torsion, then \(\mathrm{HH}^*(\mathsf{A})\) is a \(q\)-deformation of \(\mathrm{HP}^*(A)\). The author illustrates his results by computing the Hochschild cohomology of the quantum plane and the algebra \(\mathrm{M}_q(2)\) of \(2\times 2\) quantum matrices, as well as the Poisson cohomology of their semiclassical limits. The first example is a special case of the Hochschild cohomology of quantum affine space which was computed in [\textit{A. Sitarz}, \(K\)-Theory 35, No. 1--2, 187--198 (2005; Zbl 1110.46046)], and it is known that the Hochschild cohomology of quantum affine space agrees with the Poisson cohomology of its semiclassical limit [\textit{S. Launois} and \textit{T. H. Lenagan}, J. Noncommut. Geom. 1, No. 3, 281--309 (2007; Zbl 1137.16015)].