Distribution of Selmer groups of quadratic twists of a family of elliptic curves (Q944319)

Given integers \(a\), \(b\) with \(ab(a-b)\neq0\), let \(E=E(a,b)\) be the elliptic curve defined by the equation \(E: y^{2}=x(x+a)(x+b)\). For a square free integer \(n\), the quadratic twist of \(E\) by \(n\) is denote by \(E_{n}\). Let \(\phi:E_{n}\to E_{n}'\) be the \(2\)-isogeny corresponding to the quotient of \(E_{n}\) by the \(2\)-torsion point \((0,0)\), and \(\hat\phi\) its dual. The authors study the behavior of the size of the Selmer groups \(\text{Sel}^{(\phi)}(E_{n},\mathbb Q)\) and \(\text{Sel}^{(\hat\phi)}(E_{n}',\mathbb Q)\). On the one hand, they show that when \(ab\) is not a square, \(\#\text{Sel}^{(\phi)}(E_{n},\mathbb Q)\) is bounded for almost all square free \(n\) satisfying some congruence condition. On the other hand, they also show that the \(2\)-rank of \(\text{Sel}^{(\hat\phi)}(E_{n}',\mathbb Q)\) follows the Gaussian distribution. Using their results, they show the behavior of the size of the corresponding Tate-Shafarevich groups. In particular, under some conditions on \(a\) and \(b\), they show that the mean value of the \(2\)-rank of \(\text Ш(E_{n}'/{\mathbb Q}){[\hat\phi]}\) for square-free positive integers \(n\) less than \(X\) is \(\frac{1}{2}\log \log X+O(1)\), as \(X\rightarrow \infty\). The proofs use the method of \textit{D. R.~Heath-Brown} [Invent.~Math. 111, No. 1, 171--195 (1993; Zbl 0808.11041); Invent.~Math. 118, No. 2, 331--370 (1994; Zbl 0815.11032)] combined with a result of \textit{G.~Yu} [Mathematika 52, No. 1--2, 139--154 (2005; Zbl 1105.14044)].