Model equations for waves in stratified fluids
The vertical distribution of the velocity of a liquid in a channel is often defined by a continuous function, but in some cases, the velocity is represented by a piecewise constant function, with sharp jumps localized in very thin sheets, termed ``pycnoclines. In correspondence of these regions, the density has a strong variation just as it happens at a water-air interface. For a similar reason gravity waves can be generated along these internal layers as it has been observed in laboratories and oceans. The paper presents a mathematical treatment of the problem in the particular case of a one-dimensional motion and a single horizontal layer of thickness \(h\) located at a distance \(H_1\) below the upper surface and a distance \(H_2\) above the bottom. \(H=H_1+H_2\) is, of course, the total height of the channel. If only inviscid waves of small amplitude are considered, then the equation of motion is a single nonlinear integro-differential equation which is derived as an approximation of the full Euler's system. This equation has been studied by several authors. In particular, Abdelouhab (1989) was able to prove the existence of solutions for the initial value problem. In this paper, however, the existence of solitary waves is investigated, that is to say of localized solutions which propagate unchanged in form at constant velocity. The technique used to prove the result is derived in large part from a paper by Weinstein (1987), but with some necessary extensions in order to treat the integral operator in the equation. The method is also sufficiently powerful for solving the case of simultaneous presence of two solitary waves travelling at the same velocity.
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