Some remarks on a paper by L. Carlitz

DOI10.1016/J.CAM.2005.11.023MaRDI QIDQ2433786zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Publication date 30 October 2006

Published in Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/math/0504476

Hypergeometric polynomials Sheffer polynomials Sobolev orthogonal polynomials

Special sequences and polynomials (11B83) Orthogonal polynomials and functions of hypergeometric type (Jacobi, Laguerre, Hermite, Askey scheme, etc.) (33C45)

Abstract: We study a family of orthogonal polynomials which generalizes a sequence of polynomials considered by L. Carlitz. We show that they are a special case of the Sheffer polynomials and point out some interesting connections with certain Sobolev orthogonal polynomials.

Review text

In this paper the author considers the following problem (which is a particular case of the problem by [\textit{I. M. Sheffer}, ``Some properties of polynomial sets of type zero. Duke Math. J. 5, 590-622 (1939; Zbl 0022.01502)]: For which functions \(f(z)\), will the polynomials \(\Psi_n(x)\), generated by \[ exp[xf(z)]=\sum_{n=0}^\infty \Psi_n(x) \frac{z^n}{n!}, \] form an orthogonal set? For solving this problem he first shows that the solution requires the function \(f(z)\) to be of the \(\arctan\) type. He shows that the solution of the problem are polynomials that are not orthogonal with respect to the standard inner-products, but with respect to some new inner-products involving differential or difference operators: the so-called Sobolev orthogonal polynomials. In particular, he shows that the obtaining polynomials are limiting cases of the Laguerre, Meixner--Pollaczek and Meixner polynomials.

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