On Khintchine exponents and Lyapunov exponents of continued fractions

Abstract: Assume that

x i n [0, 1)

admits its continued fraction expansion

x = [a_{1} (x), a_{2} (x), ...]

. The Khintchine exponent

g a m m a (x)

of

x

is defined by

g a m m a (x) := l i m l i m i t s_{n o i n f t y} f r a c 1 n s u m_{j = 1}^{n} l o g a_{j} (x)

when the limit exists. Khintchine spectrum

d i m E_{x} i

is fully studied, where

E_{x i} := x i n [0, 1) : g a m m a (x) = x i (x i g e q 0)

and

d i m

denotes the Hausdorff dimension. In particular, we prove the remarkable fact that the Khintchine spectrum

d i m E_{x i}

, as function of

x i i n [0, + i n f t y)

, is neither concave nor convex. This is a new phenomenon from the usual point of view of multifractal analysis. Fast Khintchine exponents defined by

g a m m a^{p h i} (x) := l i m l i m i t s_{n o i n f t y} f r a c 1 p h i (n) s u m_{j = 1}^{n} l o g a_{j} (x)

are also studied, where

p h i (n)

tends to the infinity faster than

n

does. Under some regular conditions on

p h i

, it is proved that the fast Khintchine spectrum

d i m (x i n [0, 1] : g a m m a^{p h i} (x) = x i)

is a constant function. Our method also works for other spectra like the Lyapunov spectrum and the fast Lyapunov spectrum.

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