DOI10.1090/S0273-0979-02-00941-2zbMath1019.26008OpenAlexW2028712970WikidataQ56288778 ScholiaQ56288778MaRDI QIDQ4536040
Richard J. Gardner
Publication date: 17 June 2002
Published in: Bulletin of the American Mathematical Society (Search for Journal in Brave)
Full work available at URL: https://doi.org/10.1090/s0273-0979-02-00941-2
The logarithmic Minkowski inequality for cylinders,
Sharp Poincaré-Type Inequality for the Gaussian Measure on the Boundary of Convex Sets,
Stability for Borell-Brascamp-Lieb Inequalities,
Generalization of Klain’s theorem to Minkowski symmetrization of compact sets and related topics,
A Weighted Prékopa–Leindler Inequality and Sumsets with Quasicubes,
Ehrhard-type inequality for isotropic Cauchy distribution on the plane,
Reverse form of the Minkowski inequalities with applications,
Exact Lower and Upper Bounds for Gaussian Measures,
On volume product inequalities for convex sets,
Convex Bodies: Mixed Volumes and Inequalities,
Convergence of symmetrization processes,
Some properties of mixed radial mean bodies on integral transform,
Brunn-Minkowski-Type Inequalities Related to the Monge-Ampère Equation,
Two Chernoff-type inequalities and their stability properties,
On Discrete LOG-Brunn--Minkowski Type Inequalities,
The Orlicz Minkowski Problem for general measures,
Local 𝐿^{𝑝}-Brunn–Minkowski inequalities for 𝑝<1,
Log-Brunn-Minkowski inequality under symmetry,
Notes on the log-Brunn-Minkowski inequality,
On the framework of \(L_p\) summations for functions,
RANDOMIZED URYSOHN–TYPE INEQUALITIES,
On a geometric combination of functions related to Prékopa–Leindler inequality,
On computing discretized Ricci curvatures of graphs: local algorithms and (localized) fine-grained reductions,
On Prékopa-Leindler type inequality for Sugeno integral,
On \(p\)-Brunn-Minkowski inequalities for intrinsic volumes, with \(0\le p<1\),
Uniqueness of solutions to a class of mixed Hessian quotient type equations,
The Orlicz Minkowski problem for cone-volume measure,
On Rogers–Shephard-type inequalities for the lattice point enumerator,
Consequences and extensions of the Brunn-Minkowski theorem,
On the L p -sine moment-entropy inequality,
On the polar Orlicz-Minkowski problems and the p-capacitary Orlicz-Petty bodies,
Volumes of subset Minkowski sums and the Lyusternik region,
Short note on some geometric inequalities derived from matrix inequalities,
A universal bound in the dimensional Brunn-Minkowski inequality for log-concave measures,
Horocyclic Brunn-Minkowski inequality,
On general concavity extensions of Grünbaum type inequalities,
On the planar Gaussian-Minkowski problem,
Some inequalities for \(p\)-quermassintegrals,
Geometric and functional inequalities for log-concave probability sequences,
The Brunn-Minkowski inequality implies the CD condition in weighted Riemannian manifolds,
Gradual improvement of the \(L_p\) moment-entropy inequality,
Sharp isoperimetric inequalities for affine quermassintegrals,
Projection body and isoperimetric inequalities for \(s\)-concave functions,
A nonabelian Brunn-Minkowski inequality,
On linearized versions of matrix inequalities,
Percolation in the Boolean model with convex grains in high dimension,
Interpolation, Prekopa and Brunn-Minkowski for \(F\)-subharmonicity,
A note on domain monotonicity for the Neumann eigenvalues of the Laplacian,
On the volume of the Minkowski sum of zonoids,
Proof of the Brunn-Minkowski theorem by elementary methods,
Singular Kähler-Einstein metrics on \(\mathbb{Q}\)-Fano compactifications of Lie groups,
Inequality on the optimal constant of Young's convolution inequality for locally compact groups and their closed subgroups,
From the Brunn-Minkowski inequality to a class of generalized Poincaré-type inequalities for torsional rigidity,
Dido's problem and beyond,
\(L_p\) Blaschke-Santaló and Petty projection inequalities in Gaussian space,
On the Brunn-Minkowski inequality for general measures with applications to new isoperimetric-type inequalities,
Unnamed Item,
Phase retrieval for characteristic functions of convex bodies and reconstruction from covariograms,
A stochastic Prékopa–Leindler inequality for log-concave functions,
Further inequalities for the (generalized) Wills functional,
Quantitative stability in the isodiametric inequality via the isoperimetric inequality,
Volume bounds for shadow covering,
Unnamed Item,
Orlicz Version of Mixed Mean Dual Affifine Quermassintegrals,
Large values of the additive energy in and,
On mixed complex intersection bodies,
Transport proofs of some discrete variants of the Prékopa-Leindler inequality,
Mixedf-divergence and inequalities for log-concave functions,
A generalization of the matrix form of the Brunn-Minkowski inequality,
Brunn-Minkowski inequalities for two functionals involving thep-Laplace operator,
Dual Orlicz geominimal surface area,
Orlicz Addition for Measures and an Optimization Problem for the -divergence,
\(L_p\) intersection bodies,
Stability for a strengthened Borell–Brascamp–Lieb inequality,
The log-Brunn-Minkowski inequality in ℝ³,
On $L_p$-Brunn-Minkowski type and $L_p$-isoperimetric type inequalities for measures,
A reverse Blaschke-Santaló inequality,
A characterization of balls through optimal concavity for potential functions,
$L_p$-dual affine surface areas for the general L_p-centroid bodies,
A new proof of the Orlicz-Lorentz Busemann-Petty centroid inequality,
Rogers and Shephard inequality for the Orlicz difference body,
Sharp weighted Sobolev and Gagliardo–Nirenberg inequalities on half-spaces via mass transport and consequences,
The Brunn-Minkowski Inequality and A Minkowski Problem for Nonlinear Capacity,
Applications of convex geometry to Minkowski sums of m ellipsoids in ℝN: Closed-form parametric equations and volume bounds,
Intersections of dilatates of convex bodies,
Quantitative stability of the Brunn-Minkowski inequality for sets of equal volume,
Geometric inequalities for a class of exponential measures,
A generalization of \(L_{p}\)-Brunn-Minkowski inequalities and \(L_{p}\)-Minkowski problems for measures,
Generalization of the Brunn-Minkowski inequality in the form of Hadwiger for power moments,
SUGENO INTEGRAL AND GEOMETRIC INEQUALITIES,
The Brunn-Minkowski inequality,
Killed Brownian motion and the Brunn–Minkowski inequalities,
On a Discrete Brunn--Minkowski Type Inequality,
Volume inequalities for \(L_0\)-Minkowski combination of convex bodies,
Quantitative anisotropic isoperimetric and Brunn−Minkowski inequalities for convex sets with improved defect estimates,
Modified logarithmic Sobolev inequalities and transportation cost inequalities in \(\mathbb R^{n}\),
Mass transportation proofs of free functional inequalities, and free Poincaré inequalities,
Dimension free bounds for the Hardy–Littlewood maximal operator associated to convex sets,
Affine Orlicz Pólya-Szegő principle for log-concave functions,
The Löwner function of a log-concave function,
Higher Lelong numbers and convex geometry,
Robustness of the Gaussian concentration inequality and the Brunn-Minkowski inequality,
Minkowski-type inequalities involving Hardy function and symmetric functions,
Equivalence of the local and global versions of the \(L^p\)-Brunn-Minkowski inequality,
The dual Orlicz-Brunn-Minkowski inequality for concave functions,
Real zeroes of random polynomials. II: Descartes' rule of signs and anti-concentration on the symmetric group,
Nonuniform sampling and recovery of bandlimited functions in higher dimensions,
Every convex body has a unique illuminating center,
The \(L_p\)-mixed quermassintegrals for \(0 < p < 1\),
The Borell-Ehrhard game,
A Steiner inequality for the anisotropic perimeter,
Gaussian optimizers for entropic inequalities in quantum information,
On some problems concerning symmetrization operators,
Numerical Measure of a Complex Matrix,
Pansu-Wulff shapes in \(\mathbb{H}^1\),
Smoothness of the Steiner symmetrization,
The Orlicz-Lorentz centroid inequality for star bodies*,
Floating functions,
Lipschitz star bodies,
A new approach to the Orlicz Brunn-Minkowski inequality,
Bernstein Numbers and Lower Bounds for the Monte Carlo Error,
On a characterization of lattice cubes via discrete isoperimetric inequalities,
Total mean curvatures of Riemannian hypersurfaces,
The \(L_p\) chord Minkowski problem,
Convergence properties of symmetrization processes,
Bernoulli sums and Rényi entropy inequalities,
The Geometry of Diffusing and Self-Attracting Particles in a One-Dimensional Fair-Competition Regime,
Chernoff type inequalities involving \(k\)-order width and their stability properties,
The first variation of the total mass of log-concave functions and related inequalities,
Monotonicity and concavity of integral functionals involving area measures of convex bodies,
Real and complex Brunn-Minkowski theory,
Inequalities involving Dresher variance mean,
Dimensional variance inequalities of Brascamp-Lieb type and a local approach to dimensional Prékopa's theorem,
Cone-volume measures of polytopes,
Intersection theory of toric 𝑏-divisors in toric varieties,
Parabolic power concavity and parabolic boundary value problems,
Stability in the \(L_p\) Shephard problem,
A new approach to Steiner symmetrization of coercive convex functions,
FROM THE BRUNN–MINKOWSKI INEQUALITY TO A CLASS OF POINCARÉ-TYPE INEQUALITIES,
The Orlicz Brunn-Minkowski inequality,
How to recognize convexity of a set from its marginals,
Prékopa-Leindler type inequalities on Riemannian manifolds, Jacobi fields, and optimal transport,
The dual Brunn-Minkowski theory for bounded Borel sets: dual affine quermassintegrals and inequalities,
An exact distribution-free one-sample test for equivalence,
The polar Orlicz-Brunn-Minkowski inequalities,
On some determinant and matrix inequalities with a geometrical flavour,
Log-concavity properties of Minkowski valuations,
Geometry and Materials,
Lp-dual mixed geominimal surface area,
On the symmetry function of a convex set,
Brunn-Minkowski inequalities for star duals of intersection bodies and two additions,
The optimization for the inequalities of power means,
The logarithmic Minkowski problem,
A Remark on the Extremal Non-Central Sections of the Unit Cube,
The Busemann--Petty problem in hyperbolic and spherical spaces,
Gaussian Brunn-Minkowski inequalities,
On the improvement of concavity of convex measures,
On the isoperimetric problem in the Heisenberg group \(\mathbb H^n\),
The Complex Version of the Minimum Support Criterion,
The Openness Conjecture and Complex Brunn-Minkowski Inequalities,
Egg-Forms and Measure-Bodies: Different Mathematical Practices in the Early History of the Modern Theory of Convexity,
Quantitative Borell-Brascamp-Lieb inequalities for compactly supported power concave functions (and some applications),
Borell's generalized Pr\'ekopa-Leindler inequality: A simple proof,
A new proof of the log-Brunn-Minkowski inequality,
Remarks on the conjectured log-Brunn-Minkowski inequality,
On a question of A. Koldobsky,
Stability of a reverse isoperimetric inequality,
An exact multinomial test for equivalence,
On the equality conditions of the Brunn-Minkowski theorem,
MORE ON LOGARITHMIC SUMS OF CONVEX BODIES,
Log-concavity of asymptotic multigraded Hilbert series,
The Busemann–Petty problem in the complex hyperbolic space,
The concavity of Rényi entropy power for the parabolic \(p\)-Laplace equations and applications,
The affine Orlicz Pólya-Szegő principle on \(BV(\Omega )\),
Jacobian determinant inequality on corank 1 Carnot groups with applications,
Wulff shapes and a characterization of simplices via a Bezout type inequality,
Distributions of eigenvalues of large Euclidean matrices generated from \(l_p\) balls and spheres,
A Brunn-Minkowski type inequality for Fano manifolds and some uniqueness theorems in Kähler geometry,
Functional Inequalities related to the Rogers‐Shephard Inequality,
Improved Hölder and reverse Hölder inequalities for Gaussian random vectors,
The derivative of the parallel volume difference,
The dual Orlicz-Brunn-Minkowski theory,
On the uniqueness of \(L_p\)-Minkowski problems: the constant \(p\)-curvature case in \(\mathbb{R}^3\),
On the stability of Brunn-Minkowski type inequalities,
Symmetry results for overdetermined problems via \(L_p\) Brunn-Minkowski inequalities,
Moment-entropy inequalities.,
The (B) conjecture for the Gaussian measure of dilates of symmetric convex sets and related problems,
The Brunn-Minkowski inequality for volume differences,
The optimal problems for torsional rigidity,
Minoration via mixed volumes and Cover's problem for general channels,
On the Bernoulli free boundary problems for the half Laplacian and for the spectral half Laplacian,
On the sine polarity and the \(L_p\)-sine Blaschke-Santaló inequality,
On Bonnesen-style symmetric mixed isohomothetic inequality in \(\mathbb{R}^2\),
An analytic approach to cardinalities of sumsets,
The equality cases of the Ehrhard-Borell inequality,
The Orlicz Brunn-Minkowski inequality for dual harmonic quermassintegrals,
A direct proof of the Brunn-Minkowski inequality in nilpotent Lie groups,
Strict power concavity of a convolution,
Functions tiling with several lattices,
The equality cases in Steiner's projection inequality,
The location of hot spots and other extremal points,
Grünbaum's inequality for sections,
On Brunn-Minkowski type inequalities and overdetermined problem for \(p\)-capacity,
On a Brunn-Minkowski inequality for measures with quasi-convex densities,
Bakry-Émery curvature and model spaces in sub-Riemannian geometry,
Necessary subspace concentration conditions for the even dual Minkowski problem,
Optimization of the quantile criterion for the convex loss function by a stochastic quasigradient algorithm,
A remark on optimal weighted Poincaré inequalities for convex domains,
Brunn-Minkowski type inequalities for the lattice point enumerator,
On \(p\)-radial Blaschke and harmonic Blaschke additions,
Brunn-Minkowski inequalities in product metric measure spaces,
Inverse additive problems for Minkowski sumsets. II,
Functional geominimal surface area and its related affine isoperimetric inequality,
On a generalization of the Hermite-Hadamard inequality and applications in convex geometry,
The \(p\)-capacitary Orlicz-Hadamard variational formula and Orlicz-Minkowski problems,
On characterizations of sausages via inequalities and roots of Steiner polynomials,
\(L_p\) Brunn-Minkowski type inequalities for Blaschke-Minkowski homomorphisms,
Orlicz mean dual affine quermassintegrals,
Sharp geometric inequalities for the general \(p\)-affine capacity,
Inverse additive problems for Minkowski sumsets. I,
The functional Orlicz Brunn-Minkowski inequality for \(q\)-capacity,
Pointwise rates of convergence for the Oliker-Prussner method for the Monge-Ampère equation,
The \(L_p\) Minkowski problem for the electrostatic \(\mathfrak{p}\)-capacity,
Cyclic Brunn-Minkowski inequalities for dual mixed volumes,
The dimensional Brunn-Minkowski inequality in Gauss space,
New affine inequalities and projection mean ellipsoids,
Log-concavity of volume and complex Monge-Ampère equations with prescribed singularity,
A conversation with Jon Wellner,
On Grünbaum type inequalities,
On discrete Brunn-Minkowski and isoperimetric type inequalities,
On the Gardner-Zvavitch conjecture: symmetry in inequalities of Brunn-Minkowski type,
Sub-Riemannian interpolation inequalities,
The Orlicz Brunn-Minkowski inequality for the projection body,
Bi-\( s^\ast \)-concave distributions,
Equality in Borell-Brascamp-Lieb inequalities on curved spaces,
The Kneser-Poulsen conjecture for special contractions,
Geometric inequalities on Heisenberg groups,
Minimizers for nonlocal perimeters of Minkowski type,
Gaussian inequalities for Wulff shapes,
Stability of isoperimetric type inequalities for some Monge-Ampère functionals,
Sharp lower bounds involving circuit layout system,
The convexification effect of Minkowski summation,
Complemented Brunn-Minkowski inequalities and isoperimetry for homogeneous and non-homogeneous measures,
A local proof of the dimensional Prékopa's theorem,
The Busemann theorem for complex \(p\)-convex bodies,
A simple proof of the moment-entropy inequalities,
Rearrangement and polarization,
The Brunn-Minkowski inequality for the principal eigenvalue of fully nonlinear homogeneous elliptic operators,
Spatial regression using kernel averaged predictors,
Dual mixed Orlicz-Brunn-Minkowski inequality and dual Orlicz mixed quermassintegrals,
Brunn-Minkowski and Prékopa-Leindler's inequalities under projection assumptions,
Some remarks on the stability of the log-Sobolev inequality for the Gaussian measure,
On Berndtsson's generalization of Prékopa's theorem,
The Brunn-Minkowski inequality for the \(n\)-dimensional logarithmic capacity of convex bodies,
Unbiased goodness-of-fit tests,
Steiner symmetrization \((n-1)\) times is sufficient to transform an ellipsoid to a ball in \(\mathbb{R}^n\),
A mixed symmetric Chernoff type inequality and its stability properties,
Euclidean forward-reverse Brascamp-Lieb inequalities: finiteness, structure, and extremals,
Geodesic interpolation on Sierpiński gaskets,
On the discrete Brunn-Minkowski inequality by Gardner\&Gronchi,
Organic combinations of quermassintegrals and dual quermassintegrals,
Stability of the Prékopa-Leindler inequality for log-concave functions,
Estimating the average of functions with convexity properties by means of a new center,
On the mixed Pólya-Szegö principle,
Volumetric bounds for intersections of congruent balls in Euclidean spaces,
On the \(L_p\)-Brunn-Minkowski and dimensional Brunn-Minkowski conjectures for log-concave measures,
The Petty projection inequality for sets of finite perimeter,
Functional Brunn-Minkowski inequalities induced by polarity,
Some inequalities for star duality of the radial Blaschke-Minkowski homomorphisms,
Unification of generalized and \(p\)-convexity,
Rogers-Shephard type inequalities for sections,
Improved entropy bounds for parity filtered self-timed ring based random number generators,
Log-Minkowski inequalities for the \(L_p\)-mixed quermassintegrals,
The functional inequality for the mixed quermassintegral,
Majorization and Rényi entropy inequalities via Sperner theory,
Blaschke-Santaló inequality for many functions and geodesic barycenters of measures,
On the convolution bodies of \(L_p\)-addition,
An extension of Minkowski's theorem and its applications to questions about projections for measures,
On discrete \(L_p\) Brunn-Minkowski type inequalities,
\(k\)-codimensional projection bodies,
Geometry of log-concave functions: the \(L_p\) Asplund sum and the \(L_p\) Minkowski problem,
Proof of the Brunn-Minkowski theorem by Brunn cuts,
Affine Pólya-Szegő inequality on Steiner rearrangement in any codimension,
Affine invariant maps for log-concave functions,
Learning models with uniform performance via distributionally robust optimization,
The dual \(\phi\)-Brunn-Minkowski inequality,
On length measures of planar closed curves and the comparison of convex shapes,
The \(\phi \)-Brunn-Minkowski inequalities for general convex bodies,
Complex Brunn-Minkowski inequalities and their applications in geometry,
The KLS isoperimetric conjecture for generalized Orlicz balls,
LYZ ellipsoid and Petty projection body for log-concave functions,
Better bounds for planar sets avoiding unit distances,
The Brunn-Minkowski inequality and a Minkowski problem for \(\mathcal{A} \)-harmonic Green's function,
On intersection and mixed intersection bodies,
Brownian motion and random walk above quenched random wall,
Role of information theoretic uncertainty relations in quantum theory,
Generalizations of the Brunn-Minkowski inequality,
Convexity of \(L_p\)-intersection bodies,
Fuchsian convex bodies: basics of Brunn-Minkowski theory,
Inequalities of Aleksandrov body,
Brunn--Minkowski inequalities for contingency tables and integer flows,
The sharp Sobolev and isoperimetric inequalities split twice,
Local axioms in disguise: Hilbert on Minkowski diagrams,
Extremum problems for the cone volume functional of convex polytopes,
Transference principles for log-Sobolev and spectral-gap with applications to conservative spin systems,
Brunn-Minkowski and Zhang inequalities for convolution bodies,
The Hadamard variational formula and the Minkowski problem for \(p\)-capacity,
Cone-volume measure of general centered convex bodies,
On minimal trajectories for mobile sampling of bandlimited fields,
Steiner symmetrization using a finite set of directions,
The Brunn-Minkowski-Firey inequality for nonconvex sets,
Parabolic Minkowski convolutions of solutions to parabolic boundary value problems,
The geometry of \(p\)-convex intersection bodies,
Asymmetric \(L_p\) convexification and the convex Lorentz-Sobolev inequality,
The affine Sobolev-Zhang inequality on BV(\(\mathbb R^n)\),
The Steiner formula for Minkowski valuations,
A strong law of large numbers on the harmonic \(p\)-combination,
Small components in \(k\)-nearest neighbour graphs,
Remarks on the equality case of the Bonnesen inequality,
The log-Brunn-Minkowski inequality,
Material voids in elastic solids with anisotropic surface energies,
A mass-transportation approach to sharp Sobolev and Gagliardo-Nirenberg inequalities.,
Brunn-Minkowski type inequalities for conformal and Euclidean moments of domains,
Interaction of order and convexity,
A characterization of some mixed volumes via the Brunn-Minkowski inequality,
Autour de l'inégalité de Brunn-Minkowski,
Heat equation and convolution inequalities,
From Brunn-Minkowski to sharp Sobolev inequalities,
Interpolating thin-shell and sharp large-deviation estimates for isotropic log-concave measures,
Mean width inequalities for symmetric Wulff shapes,
Hopf-Lax type formulas and hypercontractivity,
An asymmetric affine Pólya-Szegő principle,
Optimal distribution-free confidence bands for a distribution function,
Convexity of solutions and Brunn-Minkowski inequalities for Hessian equations in \(\mathbb{R}^3\),
Log-concavity and strong log-concavity: a review,
Combination and mean width rearrangements of solutions to elliptic equations in convex sets,
The negative association property for the absolute values of random variables equidistributed on a generalized Orlicz ball,
Sharp isoperimetric inequalities via the ABP method,
A general method to determine limiting optimal shapes for edge-isoperimetric inequalities,
A remark on the Alexandrov-Fenchel inequality,
Entropy and isoperimetry for linear and non-linear group actions.,
Orlicz-Brunn-Minkowski inequalities for Blaschke-Minkowski homomorphisms,
Stability of capillary hypersurfaces with planar boundaries,
Isoperimetric, Sobolev, and eigenvalue inequalities via the Alexandroff-Bakelman-Pucci method: a survey,
Stability of the reverse Blaschke-Santaló inequality for zonoids and applications,
Dual \(L_p\)-mixed geominimal surface area and related inequalities,
On isoperimetric inequalities in Minkowski spaces,
Optimal bounds on the modulus of continuity of the uncentered Hardy-Littlewood maximal function,
Theory of surround system and associated inequalities,
Dual Brunn-Minkowski inequality for volume differences,
Sharp convex Lorentz-Sobolev inequalities,
Stability of some versions of the Prékopa-Leindler inequality,
Theories and inequalities on the satellite system,
Covering shadows with a smaller volume,
On multivariate quantiles under partial orders,
On Borell-Brascamp-Lieb inequalities on metric measure spaces,
A Brunn-Minkowski inequality for the Monge-Ampère eigenvalue,
Brunn-Minkowski inequalities for variational functionals and related problems,
The even Orlicz Minkowski problem,
Between Paouris concentration inequality and variance conjecture,
On the reverse Orlicz Busemann-Petty centroid inequality,
A countable set of directions is sufficient for Steiner symmetrization,
Orlicz extensions of Brunn-Minkowski theory,
Orlicz dual affine quermassintegrals,
A mass transportation approach to quantitative isoperimetric inequalities,
Averaging sequences and abelian rank in amenable groups,
Cone-volume measure and stability,
Symmetrization in geometry,
On \(p\)-quermassintegral differences function,
Sets of integers with no large sum-free subset,
Linearity of the volume. Looking for a characterization of sausages,
Capacities, surface area, and radial sums,
Killed Brownian motion and inequalities among solutions of the Schrödinger equation,
Weighted Poincaré-type inequalities for Cauchy and other convex measures,
Matrices with prescribed row and column sums,
A discrete version of the Brunn-Minkowski inequality and its stability,
Finsler interpolation inequalities,
Orlicz projection bodies,
A refined Brunn-Minkowski inequality for convex sets,
On discrete Borell-Brascamp-Lieb inequalities,
Affine Moser-Trudinger and Morrey-Sobolev inequalities,
H-continuity of fuzzy measures and set defuzzification,
On Brunn-Minkowski-type inequalities for polar bodies,
Some Bonnesen-style Minkowski inequalities