Abelian varieties over Q and modular forms
This is in fact an old and quite famous paper. It appeared in [Algebra and topology 1992 (Taejŏn), Korea Adv. Inst. Sci. Tech., Taejŏn, 53--79 (1992)], and is reprinted here by permission of the Korean editors. It is simply reprinted: the author has changed nothing, and in this subject rather a lot has changed in the meantime. The Taniyama conjecture, the paper begins, says that any elliptic curve \(C\) over \({\mathbb Q}\) of conductor \(N\) has a non-constant map \(X_0(N)\to C\) defined over \({\mathbb Q}\). Of course this is now a theorem. Now, if there is a non-constant map \(X_1(M)\to C\) defined over \({\mathbb Q}\), for some \(M>0\) (not necessarily \(M=N\)) then ``one knows that the Taniyama conjecture holds for that curve. Mazur proved that if there is a map \(X_1(M)\to C\) defined over the complex numbers then there is a map \(X_1(M')\to C\) defined over \({\mathbb Q}\), for some \(M'\) (in general equal neither to \(M\) nor to \(N\)). So the existence of such a map implies Taniyama, and conversely Taniyama gives a map \(X_0(N)\to C\) so by picking out a generator of the cyclic subgroup of order \(N\) one gets a map \(X_1(N)\to C\). Serre asked for a characterisation of elliptic curves over the complex numbers (in fact, necessarily over \(\overline {\mathbb Q}\)) which admit a map from \(X_1(M)\), i.e. which are quotients of \(J_1(M)=\text{Jac\,} X_1(M)\), for some \(M>0\). All CM curves do (a result of Shimura): discarding them, Ribet defines an abelian variety over \({\mathbb Q}\) to be of \(\text{GL}_2\)-type if \({\text{End}}_{\mathbb Q}(A)\otimes{\mathbb Q}\) contains (is, if A is simple over \({\mathbb Q}\)) a number field \(E\) of degree equal to \(\dim A\). Ribet proves here: if \(C\) is a non-CM elliptic curve over \(\overline {\mathbb Q}\), then it is a quotient of an abelian variety of \(\text{GL}_2\)-type iff it is isogenous to each of its Galois conjugates (such a curve is called a \({\mathbb Q}\)-curve). He also proves that every abelian variety of \(\text{GL}_2\)-type is a quotient of \(J_1(M)\) for some \(M>0\), assuming a conjecture of \textit{J.-P. Serre} [Duke Math. J. 54, 179--230 (1987; Zbl 0641.10026)] on representations of \({\text{Gal}}(\overline {\mathbb Q}/{\mathbb Q})\). This says very roughly that absolutely irreducible representations of dimension~\(2\) should be modular, arising from newforms of prescribed level, weight and character. Ribet applies this to the representations coming from the action of the Galois group on the Tate module \(V_\ell\), for \(\ell\) a prime of good reduction: these are attached to primes \(\lambda\) of \(E\) dividing \(\ell\). Then there is an abelian variety associated with the modular form, and by a theorem of Faltings it is automatically a quotient of \(J_1(M)\), where \(M\) is the level. Since this paper first appeared, \textit{J. S. Ellenberg} and \textit{C. Skinner} [Duke Math. J. 109, No. 1, 97--122 (2001; Zbl 1009.11038)] have shown that every \({\mathbb Q}\)-curve satisfying a technical condition at the prime~\(3\) is modular, i.e. is a quotient of some \(J_1(M)\). They do not prove Serre's conjecture, however; but there is some recent progress in that direction too in a preprint of C.~Khare. Reviewer's remark: I was assisted in writing this review by Kevin Buzzard, who drew my attention to the paper of Ellenberg and Skinner and to Khare's preprint. For the entire collection see [Zbl 1032.11002].
- Parametrization of abelian K-surfaces with quaternionic multiplication
- Cycles of quadratic polynomials and rational points on a genus-2 curve
- A remark on the modularity of abelian varieties of \(GL_2\)-type over \(\mathbb{Q}\)
- Examples of abelian surfaces failing the local-global principle for isogenies
- Quadratic Chabauty for modular curves and modular forms of rank one
- Abelian surfaces over totally real fields are potentially modular
- On reduction of moduli schemes of abelian varieties with definite quaternion multiplications
- Parametrization of virtually \(K\)-rational Drinfeld modules of rank two
- Rational points on hyperelliptic Atkin-Lehner quotients of modular curves and their coverings
- Construction of anti-cyclotomic Euler systems of modular abelian varieties, and the ranks of their Mordell-Weil groups
- The Gross-Zagier-Zhang formula over function fields
- Aspects of Iwasawa theory over function fields
- \(\mathbb{Q}\)-curves over odd degree number fields
- On cubic factors of \(j\)-invariants of quadratic \(\mathbb Q\)-curves of prime degree
- Quadratic \(\mathbb Q\)-curves, units and Hecke \(L\)-values
- Supercuspidal ramifications and traces of adjoint lifts
- Some cases of Serre's uniformity problem
- The Fermat-type equations x^5+y^5=2z^p or 3z^p solved through Q-curves
- Surjectivity of Galois representations associated with quadratic \(\mathbb {Q}\)-curves
- Supercuspidal ramification of modular endomorphism algebras
- Fields of definition of building blocks
- Adjoint lifts and modular endomorphism algebras
- Introduction to abelian varieties and the Mordell-Lang conjecture
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- Remarks on strongly modular Jacobian surfaces
- On \(L\)-functions of quadratic \(\mathbb{Q}\)-curves
- On Heegner points for primes of additive reduction ramifying in the base field
- Abelian varieties over \(\mathbb{Q}\) with large endomorphism algebras and their simple components over \(\overline\mathbb{Q}\)
- Non-critical equivariant L-values of modular abelian varieties
- Elliptic curves over totally real quartic fields not containing \(\sqrt{5}\) are modular
- \(\ell\)-adic images of Galois for elliptic curves over \(\mathbb{Q}\)(and an appendix with John Voight)
- ℚ-Curves, Hecke characters and some Diophantine equations
- On the generalized Fermat equation a^2+3b^6=c^n
- Quadratic points on modular curves with infinite Mordell–Weil group
- scientific article; zbMATH DE number 6450751 (Why is no real title available?)
- Abelian surfaces with quaternionic multiplication with a _0(N) level structure
- Paramodular abelian varieties of odd conductor
- On the sum of fourth powers in arithmetic progression
- On the equation x2 + dy6 = zp for square-free 1 ≤ d ≤ 20
- \(\mathbb{Q}\)-curves, Hecke characters, and some Diophantine equations. II
- Some extensions of the modular method and Fermat equations of signature \((13,13,n)\)
- The Mahler measure of x + 1/x + y + 1/y + 4 ± 42 and Beilinson’s conjecture
- Computing classical modular forms
- On rational Bianchi newforms and abelian surfaces with quaternionic multiplication
- Rational torsion points on abelian surfaces with quaternionic multiplication
- Moduli for rational genus 2 curves with real multiplication for discriminant 5
- Ordinary primes for \(\mathrm{GL}_2\)-type abelian varieties and weight 2 modular forms
- Computing algebraic Belyi functions on Bring's curve
- On endomorphism algebras of \(\mathrm{GL}_2\)-type abelian varieties and Diophantine applications
- Rings of Hilbert modular forms, computations on Hilbert modular surfaces, and the Oda-Hamahata conjecture
- An effective open image theorem for products of principally polarized abelian varieties
- Complete verification of strong BSD for many modular abelian surfaces over \(\mathbf{Q}\)
- The arithmetic of QM-abelian surfaces through their Galois representations
- Modular forms and certain _2F₁(1) hypergeometric series
- On the weak Leopoldt conjecture and coranks of Selmer groups of supersingular abelian varieties in \(p\)-adic Lie extensions
- \(\mathbb Q\)-motives and modular forms
- Which quaternion algebras act on a modular abelian variety?
- On the modularity level of modular abelian varieties over number fields
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