Electrostatic partners and zeros of orthogonal and multiple orthogonal polynomials

DOI10.1007/S00365-022-09609-XarXiv2203.01419OpenAlexW4313357186MaRDI QIDQ6076969FDOQ6076969

Authors: Andrei Martínez Finkelshtein, Ramón Orive, Joaquin F. Sánchez Lara 

Publication date: 17 October 2023

Published in: Constructive Approximation (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: For a given polynomial $P$ with simple zeros, and a given semiclassical weight $w$, we present a construction that yields a linear second-order differential equation (ODE), and in consequence, an electrostatic model for zeros of $P$. The coefficients of this ODE are written in terms of a dual polynomial that we call the electrostatic partner of $P$. This construction is absolutely general and can be carried out for any polynomial with simple zeros and any semiclassical weight on the complex plane. An additional assumption of quasi-orthogonality of $P$ with respect to $w$ allows us to give more precise bounds on the degree of the electrostatic partner. In the case of orthogonal and quasi-orthogonal polynomials, we recover some of the known results and generalize others. Additionally, for the Hermite--Pad'e or multiple orthogonal polynomials of type II, this approach yields a system of linear second-order differential equations, from which we derive an electrostatic interpretation of their zeros in terms of a vector equilibrium. More detailed results are obtained in the special cases of Angelesco, Nikishin, and generalized Nikishin systems. We also discuss the discrete-to-continuous transition of these models in the asymptotic regime, as the number of zeros tends to infinity, into the known vector equilibrium problems. Finally, we discuss how the system of obtained second-order ODEs yields a third-order differential equation for these polynomials, well described in the literature. We finish the paper by presenting several illustrative examples.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/2203.01419

zbMATH Keywords

equilibriumzerosmultiple orthogonal polynomialsorthogonal polynomialslinear differential equationselectrostatic model

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Zeros of polynomials, rational functions, and other analytic functions of one complex variable (e.g., zeros of functions with bounded Dirichlet integral) (30C15) Orthogonal polynomials and functions of hypergeometric type (Jacobi, Laguerre, Hermite, Askey scheme, etc.) (33C45) Potentials and capacity, harmonic measure, extremal length and related notions in two dimensions (31A15) Other special orthogonal polynomials and functions (33C47) Orthogonal functions and polynomials, general theory of nontrigonometric harmonic analysis (42C05)

Cites Work

• NIST handbook of mathematical functions
• Title not available (Why is that?)
• Title not available (Why is that?)
• Title not available (Why is that?)
• On simultaneous approximations for a collection of Markov functions
• Large \(n\) limit of Gaussian random matrices with external source. II
• Asymptotic zero distribution of Jacobi-Piñeiro and multiple Laguerre polynomials
• Orthogonal polynomials and random matrices: a Riemann-Hilbert approach.
• Random matrices with external source and the asymptotic behaviour of multiple orthogonal polynomials
• Asymptotic zero distribution for a class of multiple orthogonal polynomials
• Systems of Markov functions generated by graphs and the asymptotics of their Hermite-Padé approximants
• Multiple orthogonal polynomials and a counterexample to the Gaudin Bethe Ansatz Conjecture
• ON SIMULTANEOUS PADÉ APPROXIMANTS
• Title not available (Why is that?)
• Hermite-Pade approximants for systems of Markov-type functions
• Multiple orthogonal polynomials for classical weights
• Strong asymptotics of multiply orthogonal polynomials for Nikishin systems
• Title not available (Why is that?)
• Title not available (Why is that?)
• Hermite-Padé approximations and multiple orthogonal polynomial ensembles
• Title not available (Why is that?)
• Some classical multiple orthogonal polynomials
• The \(N\)-vortex problem. Analytical techniques
• Critical measures, quadratic differentials, and weak limits of zeros of Stieltjes polynomials
• Non-intersecting squared Bessel paths and multiple orthogonal polynomials for modified Bessel weights
• Strong asymptotics for multiple Laguerre polynomials
• Asymptotics of Hermite-Padé approximants for two functions with branch points
• Painlevé-type differential equations for the recurrence coefficients of semi-classical orthogonal polynomials
• Orthogonality of Jacobi polynomials with general parameters
• Hermite-Padé Approximants for a Pair of Cauchy Transforms with Overlapping Symmetric Supports
• Title not available (Why is that?)
• The distribution of the zeros of the Hermite-Padé polynomials for a pair of functions forming a Nikishin system
• Random matrix model with external source and a constrained vector equilibrium problem
• Large \(n\) limit of Gaussian random matrices with external source. I
• Large \(n\) limit of Gaussian random matrices with external source. III: Double scaling limit
• On quasi-orthogonal polynomials
• Integral representations for multiple Hermite and multiple Laguerre polynomials.
• Semiclassical multiple orthogonal polynomials and the properties of Jacobi-Bessel polynomials
• On a system of ``classical polynomials of simultaneous orthogonality
• Title not available (Why is that?)
• Nikishin systems are perfect
• On a class of polynomials connected with the Korteweg-de Vries equation
• Point vortices and classical orthogonal polynomials
• Special polynomials and rational solutions of the hierarchy of the second Painlevé equation
• Vortices and polynomials: non-uniqueness of the Adler-Moser polynomials for the Tkachenko equation
• Multi-particle dynamical systems and polynomials
• Vortices and polynomials
• Critical measures for vector energy: asymptotics of non-diagonal multiple orthogonal polynomials for a cubic weight
• Multiple orthogonal polynomials associated with an exponential cubic weight
• The asymptotics of Hermite-Padé polynomials for two Markov-type functions
• Critical measures for vector energy: global structure of trajectories of quadratic differentials
• Padé and Hermite-Padé approximation and orthogonality
• On asymptotic behavior of Heine-Stieltjes and Van Vleck polynomials
• Vortices and polynomials
• Normality in Nikishin systems
• HERMITE-PADÉ APPROXIMATION FOR NIKISHIN SYSTEMS OF ANALYTIC FUNCTIONS
• Ladder operators and differential equations for multiple orthogonal polynomials
• An electrostatics model for zeros of general orthogonal polynomials
• Equilibrium of charges and differential equations solved by polynomials
• Variations on a theme of Heine and Stieltjes: An electrostatic interpretation of the zeros of certain polynomials
• The impact of Stieltjes' work on continued fractions and orthogonal polynomials: Additional material
• Electrostatic models for zeros of polynomials: old, new, and some open problems
• Complete solution of the electrostatic equilibrium problem for classical weights
• More on Electrostatic Models for Zeros of Orthagonal Polynomials
• Lamé differential equations and electrostatics
• On semiclassical linear functionals: Integral representations
• Asymptotic behaviour of the Hermite-Padé polynomials of the 1st kind for a pair of functions forming a Nikishin system
• Asymptotic properties of Heine--Stieltjes and Van Vleck polynomials.
• Algebro-geometric aspects of Heine-Stieltjes theory
• ON A CLASS OF POLYNOMIALS DEFINED BY TWO ORTHOGONALITY RELATIONS
• Differential equations for multiple orthogonal polynomials with respect to classical weights: raising and lowering operators
• Complex path integral representation for semiclassical linear functionals
• Riemann-Hilbert analysis for a Nikishin system
• Relations between zeros of special polynomials associated with the Painlevé equations
• An introduction to multiple orthogonal polynomials and Hermite-Padé approximation
• Electrostatics and the Zeros of the Classical Polynomials
• Multiple Hermite polynomials and simultaneous Gaussian quadrature
• An electrostatic interpretation of the zeros of paraorthogonal polynomials on the unit circle
• Mixed type Hermite-Padé approximants for a Nikishin system
• An electrostatic interpretation of the zeros of sieved ultraspherical polynomials
• Spectral curves, variational problems and the Hermitian matrix model with external source
• On quasi-orthogonal polynomials: their differential equations, discriminants and electrostatics
• Electrostatic problems with a rational constraint and degenerate Lamé equations
• Title not available (Why is that?)
• Generating functions, polynomials and vortices with alternating signs in Bose–Einstein condensates
• Electrostatic interpretation of zeros of orthogonal polynomials
• Stable equilibria for the roots of the symmetric continuous Hahn and Wilson polynomials
• Gradient system for the roots of the Askey-Wilson polynomial
• Functional equations and electrostatic models for orthogonal polynomials
• Title not available (Why is that?)

Cited In (2)

• Title not available (Why is that?)
• An electrostatic interpretation of the zeros of the Freud-type orthogonal polynomials

This page was built for publication: Electrostatic partners and zeros of orthogonal and multiple orthogonal polynomials

Report a bug (only for logged in users!)Click here to report a bug for this page (MaRDI item Q6076969)